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phys ex2 Flashcards

1
Q

Insulin is a _____ hormone.

A

protein

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2
Q

Type II diabetes mellitus results from

A

insulin receptor insensitivity

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3
Q

The receptor for insulin is

A

tyrosine kinase linked

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4
Q

Glucagon

A

increases blood glucose

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5
Q

Polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia are cardinal signs of

A

both type I and type II diabetes mellitus

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6
Q

Insulin

A

decreases blood glucose

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7
Q

Insulin is produced by the _____ cells of the pancreas.

A

beta

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8
Q

The alpha cells of the pancreas secrete a hormone that

A

increases blood glucose

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9
Q

Vitamin D

A

increases the intestinal absorption of calcium

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10
Q

Vitamin D deficiency in children results in

A

rickets

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11
Q

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

increases calcium in the blood

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12
Q

Low calcium in the blood is known as

A

hypocalcemia

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13
Q

High calcium levels in the blood stimulates the secretion of

A

calcitonin

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14
Q

The action potentials of a neuron

A

all have the same amplitude

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15
Q

Action potentials in a myelinated axon

A

are saltatory

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16
Q

The rapid depolarization phase of an action potential is produced by

A

voltage-gated Na+ channels

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17
Q

Voltage (mV) measured across a membrane is known as

A

membrane potential

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18
Q

The concentration gradients of sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane of neurons is established by

A

the Na+/K+ ATPase (sodium pump)

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19
Q

The resting membrane potential of cells is established and maintained by

A

K+ leak channels

20
Q

Graded membrane potentials

A

vary with stimulus strength

21
Q

Open Na+ channels

A

depolarize the cell membrane

22
Q

Action potentials begin

A

in the axon hillock

23
Q

The hyperpolarization phase of an action potential is produced by

A

open K+ channels

24
Q

Which cell type has multiple processes that simultaneously form myelin sheathing around multiple axons?

A

oligodendrocyte

25
Q

Secretes, circulates and maintains cerebrospinal fluid

A

ependyma

26
Q

Which cell type forms myelin sheathing in the peripheral nervous system?

A

Schwann

27
Q

Neuronal cell type with 2 processes emanating from the cell body

A

Bipolar

28
Q

Glial cell that has perivascular feet

A

Astrocyte

29
Q

Phagocytic cell of the nervous system

A

microglia

30
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

are the sites of action potentials in myelinated axons

31
Q

Acetycholine neurotransmission is terminated by

A

acetycholinesterase

32
Q

Norepinephrine directly activates

A

g-protein linked receptors

33
Q

Norepinephrine neurotransmission is terminated by

A

reuptake into the presynaptic terminal

34
Q

Ligand gated channels for which ion create EPSPs?

A

sodium

35
Q

The nicotinic acetycholine receptor

A

is both a sodium and potassium channel

36
Q

The ion that triggers presynaptic exocytosis of neurotransmitter:

A

calcium

37
Q

Ligand gated channels for which ion create IPSPs?

A

potassium

38
Q

Which of the following are functions of the basal nuclei?

A

Plan, initiate and maintain voluntary motor activities

Regulate voluntary control of eye movements

Inhibit antagonistic and unnecessary movements

39
Q

Which part of the cerebrum is involved in speech preparation and production?

A

Broca’s area

40
Q

Which part of the brain continually produces new neurons and is crucial for learning and memory?

A

the hippocampus

41
Q

Which cerebral lobe is involved in cutaneous and muscular sensations?

A

Parietal

42
Q

Which cerebral lobe is involved in voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles; personality; and higher intellectual processes?

A

Frontal

43
Q

Which is a descending (motor) spinal tract?

A

pyramidal

44
Q

Stretch reflexes are initiated by activation of a

A

muscle spindle

45
Q

Which is an ascending (sensory) spinal tract?

A

Lateral spinothalamic

46
Q

The efferent component of a stretch reflex:

A

Alpha motor neuron

47
Q

Spinal nerves contain the axons of both sensory and motor neurons.

A

True

Flash Cards (21 decks)

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