chem ch 16

Question 1

An acid, when dissolved in water, ____

Answer 1

increases conc of H+ ions

Question 2

A base, when dissolved in water ______

Answer 2

inc conc of hydroxide, OH- ions

Question 3

An acid is a proton ______

Answer 3

donor

Question 4

A base is a proton _______

Answer 4

acceptor

Question 5

An acid must have at least one ________

Answer 5

removable, acidic proton H+ to donate

Question 6

Base must have at least one ________

Answer 6

non bonding pair of e- to accept a proton

Question 7

Amphiprotic molecules

Answer 7

HCO3- , HSO4- , H2O

Question 8

When a H+ ion is formed in water…

Answer 8

it wont be alone for long, H bonds will form

Question 9

Water is an acid or base…

Answer 9

base, will abstract a H+ ion from acid
-the conj base of the acid and a hydronium ion are formed

Question 10

Water is amphiprotic because…

Answer 10

it can accept a proton from acid, and it can donate a proton like an acid would.

Question 11

Conj acid base pair

Answer 11

two formulas that differ by H+, and dont have strong acid or strong base

Question 12

Reactions between acids and bases always yield…

Answer 12

their conj bases and acids

Question 13

Strong acids

Answer 13

their conj bases dont act as acid in water

Question 14

strong bases

Answer 14

their conj acids dont act as acids in water

Question 15

In every acid base rxn, equilibrium favors ….

Answer 15

transfer of the proton from the stronger acid to the stronger base, to form the weaker acid and the weaker base.

Question 16

Autoionization

Answer 16

a few molecules act as bases and a few act as acids

Question 17

Kc= ….

Answer 17

Kc= [H3O+][OH-]

Question 18

Kw, or ion product constant for water, is …

Answer 18

at 25deg C, Kw= 1.0*10^-14

Question 19

[H+] = [OH-]

Answer 19

neutral soln

Question 20

[H+] > [OH-]

Answer 20

acidic soln

Question 21

[H+]< [OH-]

Answer 21

basic soln

Question 22

pH is the

Answer 22

hydrogen ion conc

Question 23

pH=…..

Answer 23

pH=-log[H+]

Question 24

Neutral pH, Acidic pH, Basic pH`

Answer 24

7, below 7, above 7

Question 25

pOH=

Answer 25

pOH=-log[OH-]

Question 26

pKw=

Answer 26

pKw= -log Kw

Question 27

____ + ____ = pKw = 14

Answer 27

pH + pOH

Question 28

how does pH meter work

Answer 28

electrodes indicate small changes in voltage to detect pH

Question 29

The seven strong acids aka the strong electrolytes

Answer 29

HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO3, HClO4

Question 30

strong electrolytes

Answer 30

exist completely as ions in aq soln

Question 31

Strong bases aka soluble hydroxides

Answer 31

Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+

Question 32

Strong bases will _____ in aq soln

Answer 32

completely dissacociate

Question 33

acid dissociation constant, ka=

Answer 33

Ka= [H3O+][A-] / [HA]

Question 34

The larger the Ka, the ______ the acid

Answer 34

stronger

Question 35

Percent ionization=

Answer 35

[H3O+]at eq / [HA]initial * 100

Question 36

how to calc pH using Ka

Answer 36

-write chemical equation for ionization eq -write eq constant expression -make ICE table for eq conc -sub eq conc into eq constant expression and solve for x

Question 37

[H+]eq = [HA]initial

Answer 37

strong acid

Question 38

[H+]eq < [HA]initial

Answer 38

weak acid

Question 39

Polyprotic acids...

Answer 39

have more than one acidic proton. Its always easier to remove the 1st proton then any protons after it.

Question 40

NH3 is a ...

Answer 40

weak base

Question 41

Amines

Answer 41

organic derivitives of ammonia

Question 42

Types of weak bases

Answer 42

-neutral substances with an atom that has a nonbonding pair of e- that can accept H+ (like ammonia and amines) -anions of weak acids, which are there conj bases

Question 43

Ka * Kb =

Answer 43

Kw (for a conj acid base pair)

Question 44

Hydrolysis

Answer 44

when ions react with water to form h+ or OH-

Question 45

Cations can be...

Answer 45

acidic or neutral

Question 46

Anions can be....

Answer 46

acidic, basic, or neutral

Question 47

How do you determine whether a salt is an acid or a base

Answer 47

look at cation and anion seperately

Question 48

Anions of strong acids are...

Answer 48

neutral

Question 49

Anions of weak acids are....

Answer 49

conj bases, so they create OH- in water.

Question 50

In anions, if Ka>Kb, it is _____ and if Kb> Ka, it is________

Answer 50

acidic, basic

Question 51

Group 1 and 2 metal cations are

Answer 51

neutral

Question 52

Polyatomic cations are....

Answer 52

the conj acids of a weak base

Question 53

Transition metal cations are acidic bc....

Answer 53

there are no H atoms

Question 54

Transition and post transition metals form...

Answer 54

hydrated cations

Question 55

The water attached to the metal is more acidic than free water molecules....

Answer 55

making hydrated ions ACIDIC

Question 56

Group 1 or 2 metal cation with anion of a strong acid (acidic, basic, or neutral?)

Answer 56

neutral

Question 57

Group 1 or 2 metal cation with anion of a weak acid (acidic, basic, or neutral?)

Answer 57

basic

Question 58

Transition metal cation or polyatomic cation with anion of a strong acid (acidic, basic, or neutral?)

Answer 58

acidic

Question 59

Transition metal cation or polyatomic cation with anion of a weak acid (acidic, basic, or neutral?)

Answer 59

must compare Ka and Kb, whichever is greater will dictate what the salt is

Question 60

The three factors that effect acid strength

Answer 60

-HA bond must be polarized with 8+ on the H atom and 8- on the A atom -bond strength: weaker bonds easily broken, making acid stronger -stability of A-: more stable anion means stronger acid

Question 61

Binary acids consist of an element and

Answer 61

H atom

Question 62

In a group, _________ is the most important factor

Answer 62

HA bond strength

Question 63

Within a period, _______ is the most important factor to determine acid strength

Answer 63

bond polarity

Question 64

Oxyacids

Answer 64

consist of some nonmetal element along with H and O

Question 65

As electronegativity inc, the acidity....

Answer 65

inc for acids with the same structure

Question 66

If an element can form more than one oxyacid....

Answer 66

the oxyacid with more O atoms is more acidic

Question 67

If oxidation number inc...

Answer 67

acidity inc

Question 68

Carboxylic acids

Answer 68

organic acids with an COOH group

Question 69

Lewis acids

Answer 69

electron pair acceptors

Question 70

Lewis bases

Answer 70

electron pair donors

Question 71

Higher charges =

Answer 71

stronger acid