Phys Dx: Neuro Flashcards
senses crude touch, pain, temperature
travel from periphery to spinal cord, cross to contralateral side to join brain.
Spinothalmic tract
vibration, proprioception, fine touch
travels from periphery to spinal cord, stays on same side until brain stem, then crosses
posterior column
spinal injury to spinothalamic tract results in loss of crude touch, pain, temp, where?
Contralateral, below injury
sensory cortex injury to spinothalamic tract results in loss of crude touch, pain, temperature where?
contralateral below injury
spinal injury to posterior column results in loss of fine touch, vibration, proprioception where?
ipsilateral, below injury
sensory cortex injury on the posterior column results in loss of fine touch, vibration proprioception where?
contralateral
upper motor neurons originate in the ______ and cross _______ in the medulla
precentral gyrus, contralateral
Axons descend from UMN and synapse with _______ at the______, then exit cord to target muscle
lower motor neuron, anterior horn
spasticity
hypertonia
hyperreflexia
disuse atrophy
(+) babinski
UMN pathology
flaccidity
hypotonia
hyporeflexia
denervation atrophy
(-) babinski
LMN pathology
patient drags foot or lifts them high
foot slaps the floor
inability to dorsiflex
steppage gait
unilateral steppage gait is caused by…
peroneal nerve injury, spinal nerve compression
bilaterall steppage gait is caused by…
ALS, charco-marie-tooth, peripheral neuropathy
dragging tow
circumduction of leg
ankles plantar flexed and inverted
+/- leaning to contralateral side to clear affected leg during walking
arm fixed, immobile, held close to side
elbow, wrists, IPs flexed
spastic hemiparesis
what causes spastic hemiparesis
stroke, corticospinaltract lesions
each leg advanced slowly
thighs cross
stiff gait, short steps
scissors gait
where is scissors gait commonly seen?
spasticity disorders, cerebral palsy
unsteady gait, wide stance
throwing feet forward and outward
heels touch, then toes with double tap
watch ground
sensory ataxia
what causes sensory ataxia?
peripheral neuropathy
posterior column damage
loss of proprioception
stooped posture with head, arm, hip, knee flexion
shuffling, short steps
slow to start, picks up speed
decreased arm swing
stiff turns
parkinsonian gait
pelvic drop, waddling
trendelenburg gait/myopathic gait
what causes trendelenburg gait
hip abductor weakness
a unilateral trendelenburg gait is indicative of…
spinal nerve compression, superior gluteal nerve injury
bilateral trendelenburg gait is indicative of…
muscular dystrophy
inability to maintain upright posture/ (+) rhomberg indicates what?
posterior column disease, neuropathy
Abnormal pronator drift indicates what?
unm lesion, possible stroke
In heel shin testing, if the heel overshoots the knee or foot oscillates side to side, this indicates…
cerebellar disease
abnormal finger-nose test indicates…
dysmetria: intention tremor/MS or cerebellar disease
abnormal rapid alternative movements test is called dysdiadokinesia. What is this indicative of?
cerebellar disease
Which cranial nerve?
head trauma, parkinsons
CN I
Which Cranial Nerve?
secondary retinal emboli
optic neuritis
pituitary tumor
stroke
CN II
which cranial nerve?
vertical and horizontal diplopia
Ptosis = palsy
CN III
Which cranial nerve?
vertical diplopia
CN IV
Which cranial nerve?
trigeminal neuralgia
CN V
Which cranial nerve?
horizontal diplopia, esotropia
CN VI
Which cranial nerve?
peripheral = bell’s palsy
central = cerebral infarct
CN VII
Which cranial nerve?
disequilibrium, vertigo, nystagmus
CN VIII
Which cranial nerve?
no gag reflex
loss of taste in posterior 1/3
CN IX
Which Cranial Nerve?
hoarseness, dyspnea, dysarthria, lost gag reflex
CN X
Which cranial nerve?
trapezius weakness, atrophy, fasciculations
scapular winging
CN XI
Which cranial nerve?
central lesion if tongue deviates away
peripheral lesion fi tongue deviates to weak side
CN XII
