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Clinical Medicine I > PEDS cardio > Flashcards

PEDS cardio Flashcards

1
Q

VSD

ASD

PDA

Coarctation of aorta

examples of…

A

acyanotic congenital heart disease

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2
Q

tetralogy of fallot

transposition of great arteries

tricuspid atresia

truncus arteriosus

total anomalous pulmonary venous return

hypoplastic left vent

examples of…

A

cyanotic congenital heart disease

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3
Q

acute rheumatic fever

kawasaki

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

acquired heart disease

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4
Q

poor weight gain, FTT

tachypnea w/ feeding or activity

concerning for…

A

cardiac disease in infants

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5
Q

in older children…

palpitations/CP

syncope

dyspnea on exertion

unexplained HTN

Concerning for…

A

cardiac disease

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6
Q

What grade of murmur comes with a palpable thrill?

A

grade 4

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7
Q

what heart murmur grade is associated with murmur audible with light placement of stethoscope?

A

grade 5

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8
Q

murmur that is heart with stethoscope off chest

A

grade 6

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9
Q

murmur that can often be heard only by cardiologists

A

grade 1

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10
Q

hepatomegaly/ascites indicates what

A

right heart failure

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11
Q

what type of echocardiogram is most commonly used/gold standard?

A

transthoracic echo

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12
Q

no fhx

short systolic murmur

soft, grade 2 or less

normal physical

What type of murmur is this?

A

innocent

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13
Q

fhx of heart disease

holosystolic/diastolic murmur

grade 3-6 murmur

blowing/harsh quality

abnormal pulse, vitals, hepatomegaly, MSK abnormalities

A

pathologic

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14
Q

this murmur is…

age 2-7

musical/vibratory

heard at LLSB

Loudest supine, diminishes with inspiration or sitting

A

still murmur (innocent)

“From 2-7 I can STILL be MUSICAL if I LAY on my LEFT and BREATH DEEP”

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15
Q

this murmur is…

age 3 or older

the most common innocent murmur

soft

upper left sternal border

louder supine

A

pulmonary flow murmur

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16
Q

this murmur…

age 2 or older

musical hum

grade 1-3

heard at R/LUSB

louder in diastole and in sitting position

disappears with head turning or supine

A

venous hum

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17
Q

Most common congenital heart defect

associated with trisomy 21, tetralogy of fallot

A

VSD

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18
Q

presents with…

FTT, poor growth, dyspnea

hepatomegaly

harsh, holosystolic murmur at LLSB

A

VSD

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19
Q

what can you see on EKG for VSD?

A

LVH

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20
Q

VSD tx options

A

wait and see if asymptomatic

Medical diuretic, ace inhibitor, digoxin

surgical: if failing medical, cardiac cath, closure via median sternotomy

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21
Q

defect in closure of foramen ovale ostium secundum

A

ASD

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22
Q

most common right to left shunt

A

ASD

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23
Q

Wide S2 split

midsystolic pulmonary flow ejection murmur at ULSB

A

ASD

24
Q

tx for ASD

A

spontaneous closure

surgical patch if over 6mm

25
Q

continuous machinery murmur

wide pulse pressure

bounding pulses

A

PDA

26
Q

Tx for PDA

A

open: IV prostaglandin E1
close: IV indomethacin

27
Q

common w/ turner syndrome

unexplained UE hypertension

A

coarctation of aorta

28
Q

absent or decreased femoral pulses

UE SBP > 20mmhg than LE SBP

blowing systolic murmur in back or left axilla

A

coarctation of aorta

29
Q

Dx of coarctation of aorta

A

figure 3 sign or inferior rib notching on CXR

30
Q

Tx for coarctation of the aorta

A

surgery

31
Q

5 Ts are…

A 
tetralogy of fallot
transposition of great arteries
tricuspid atresia
truncus arteriosus
TAPVR
32
Q

RVH
VSD
Overriding aorta
RV outflow stenosis

This is…

A

tetralogy of fallot

33
Q

What is the most common cyanotic CHD?

A

tetralogy of fallot

34
Q

squatting to relieve dyspnea

harsh systolic ejection murmur

A

“Tet spells”

ToF

35
Q

how do you dx ToF?

A

echo

“boot shaped” heart on CXR

36
Q

Tx for ToF

A

tet spells: O2, knee to chest

surgical repair by age 1

37
Q

profoundly cyonotic neonate

no respiratory distress or murmur

A

transposition of great arteries

38
Q

Dx for transposition of great arteries

A

echo

CXR showing “egg on a string”

39
Q

Tx for transposition of great arteries

A

Prostaglandin E1 to keep PDA

cardiac cath

surgery at age 4-7 days

40
Q

central cyanosis at birth

S2 only heart sound

FTT

tachypnea

exhaustion during feeding

A

tricuspid atresia

41
Q

tx for tricuspid atresia

A

initial: PGE1 to maintain PDA
definitive: surgery

42
Q

VSD

poor feeding, lethargy

loud, narrow S2 split

ejection click

systolic ejection murmur at LLSB

A

truncus arteriosus

43
Q

hypoplasia of LV

mild cyanosis while PDA

rapid shock when ductus arteriosus closes

A

hypoplastic left heart syndrome

44
Q

Tx for hypoplastic left heart syndrome

A

PGE1 to maintain PDA

staged surgeries

45
Q

commonly causes at ASD/VSD, ToF, PDA

A

trisomy 21

46
Q

commonly causes bicuspid aortic valve, VSD, ASD, CoA, dialated aortic root, HTN

A

Turner Syndrome

47
Q

common cause of VSD/ASD

A

fetal alcohol syndrome

48
Q

common cause of PDA, pulmonary stenosis

A

maternal rubella

49
Q

pancarditis

appears after GAS infx

A

acute rheumatic fever

50
Q

tx of acute rheumatic fever

A

CS or aspirin

abx

HF mgmt

51
Q

Fever greater than 5 days

Conjunctivitis
Rash
erythema palms/soles
Adenopathy
Mucous membrane (strawberry tongue)
A

Kawasaki

52
Q

complications of kawasaki

A

coronary artery aneurysm

53
Q

leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young people

familial autosomal dominant inheritance

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

54
Q

dx of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

echo, ekg, audible S4

55
Q

severe cyanosis

respiratory distress

CHF

pulmonary veins draining in the venous system

A

total anomalous pulmonary venous return

Tx with surgery

Clinical Medicine I (25 decks)

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