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PBL 2.2.4 > Phys 65: GI secretion > Flashcards

Phys 65: GI secretion Flashcards

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1
Q

Cells on surface of GI epithelium

A

Goblet cells AKA mucous cells

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2
Q

Invaginations of epithelium into submucosa aka

A

Pits

called crypts of lieberkün in intestine

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3
Q

Glandular cell secretions accomplished via

A

Exocytosis

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4
Q

Daily secretion of saliva amount

A

800-1500 ml

Average 1000ml

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5
Q

Two major saliva protein secretion types

A

Serous secretion

Mucous secretion

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6
Q

Salvia serous secretion protein

A

ptyalin

type of α-amylase

disgests starches

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7
Q

Mucous saliva secretion protein

A

Mucin

Acts as lubricant

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8
Q

Ions of saliva

A

Large quantities of HCO3- and K+

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9
Q

Na+/K+ balance in saliva

A

Na+ is reabsorbed in exchanger for K+

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10
Q

Cl- during saliva production

A

Reabsorbed passively

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11
Q

Factors in saliva that destroy bacteria

A

Thiocynate ions

Proteolytic enzymes —> most important is lysozyme

Antibodies

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12
Q

Superior salivatory nucleus CN

A

VII

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13
Q

Inferior salivatory nucleus CN

A

CN IX

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14
Q

Esophageal secretion type

A

Mainly mucous for swallowing lube

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15
Q

Oxyntic glands secrete

A

Hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen, intrinsic factor, mucus

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16
Q

Pyloric glands secrete

A

mainly mucus

also some gastrin

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17
Q

Eenterochromaffin like cells secrete

A

Histamine

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18
Q

Main driving force for hydrochloric acid secretion

A

H+/K+ ATPase

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19
Q

Basic factors that stimulate gastric secretion

A

Acetylcholine

Gastrin

Histamine

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20
Q

Intrinsic factor secreted by

A

Parietal cells

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21
Q

Parietal cell destruction consequences

A

Achlorohydra (lack of acid)

Pernicious anemia due to B12 deficiency

22
Q

Type of mucus in stomach

A

Viscid mucus

23
Q

What does viscid mucus do

A

It is alkaline and forms protective layer around stomach

24
Q

ECL cells are stimulated by

A

Gastrin

25
Q

gastrin is secreted by

A

G cells in pyloric glands

26
Q

Three phases of gastric secretion

A

Cephalic
Gastric
Intestinal

27
Q

Cephalic phase of secretion

A

Occurs from neurogenic signals due to smell, taste and sight of food.

Originate in amygdala and hypothalmus

28
Q

Gastric phase of secretion

A

Due to vagal stimulation from food entering stomach, local enteric reflexes and gastrin mechanism

29
Q

Gastrin is secreted due to

A

Protein rich food entering stomach.

30
Q

Intestinal phase of secretion

A

Presence of food in duodenum causes small amounts of gastric secretion

31
Q

Grastric secretion inhibition by

A

Reverse gastroenteric reflex

Hormones: secretin, GLP-1, somatostatin

32
Q

Emotional stimuli does what to gastric secretion

A

increases acid secretion

33
Q

Pancreatic enzymes for protein digestion

A

Trypsin

Chemotrypsin

Caboxypolypeptidase

34
Q

Pancreatic enzymes for fat digestion

A

Pancreatic lipase

Phospholipase

Cholesteroesterase

35
Q

Pancreatic proteolytic enzymes are secreted as_____.

Later in the GI tract they are ____

A

inactive forms

Later activated

36
Q

Activation of proteolytic enzyme mechanism

A

Trypsinogen is activated to trypsin by enterokinase

Trypsin activates everything else

37
Q

How is pancreas protected from proteolytic enzymes

A

Also secretes trypsin inhibitor

When trypsin inhibitor is overwhelmed, pancreas digests itself with its own proteolytic enzymes

38
Q

Bicarb is secreted into lumen via

A

Cl-/HCO3- exchanger

39
Q

Secretion of bicarb stimulated by (GI)

A

Secretin

40
Q

How is acidic stomach chyme neutralized in instestine

A

Via bicarb secretion

41
Q

Cholecystokinin (CCK) function

A

stimulates pancreatic secretion

42
Q

Liver bile secretion stimulated by

A

Secretin

43
Q

Gall bladder emptying stimulated by

A

Cholecystokinin

(also weakly vagal)

44
Q

Sphincter of odi

A

Keeps bile in gall bladder till its needed

45
Q

Precursos of bile salts

A

Cholesterol

46
Q

Percent of bile salts that are recirculated

A

94%

47
Q

Gallstones formed by

A

Precipitation of cholesterol

48
Q

Mucous secreting glands in duodenum

A

Brunners glands

49
Q

Brunners glands activated by

A

Tactile stimulation

Vagal stimulation

Secretin

50
Q

How do enterocytes absorb nutrients

A

Secrete water, then reabsorb water with digestion products

PBL 2.2.4 (13 decks)

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