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PBL 2.2.4 > Phys 25-28, 32: Kidney make pee > Flashcards

Phys 25-28, 32: Kidney make pee Flashcards

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1
Q

Evaporation loss of water from skin/respiratory tract per day

A

700ml

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2
Q

Intracellular fluid weight percent of body

Extracellular fluid weight percent of body

A

ICF 40%

ECF 20%

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3
Q

Lymphedema parasite

A

Wucheria Bancrofti

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4
Q

In advanced heart failure, increased secretion of _______ stimulates _______by the renal tubules, leading to _______

A

In advanced heart failure, increased secretion of ADH stimulates water reabsorption by the renal tubules, leading to hyponatremia and edema

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5
Q

What substance is used to create spacing between renal tubule cells

A

Proteoglycan filaments

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6
Q

Hypoxia stimulates kidney to secrete

A

Erythropoetin

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7
Q

Calcitriol aka

A

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

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8
Q

Normal kidney blood flow per min

A

1100 ml

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9
Q

Smooth muscle of bladder aka

A

Detrusor

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10
Q

Max bladder pressure

A

40-60mmhg

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11
Q

Bladder sympathetics

A

L2 hypogastric nerves

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12
Q

Bladder parasympathetics

A

Sacral plexus S2/S3

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13
Q

Micturition facilitation and inhibition centers where

A

Brainstem, mostsly pons

Some in cerebral cortex

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14
Q

Cause of uninhibited neurogenic bladder

A

Damage to spinal cord means no brain inhibition of micturion reflex

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15
Q

Charge effect on filterability of substance in nephron

A

Postive charge filters more readily

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16
Q

Filtration coefficient equation

A

Kf = GFR/ filtration pressure

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17
Q

Increased bowmans hydrostatic pressure does ____ to GFR

A

Decreases

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18
Q

Increased glomerular colloid osmotic pressure does what to GFR

A

Decreases

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19
Q

Increased glomerular hydrostatic pressure does what to GFR

A

Increases

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20
Q

Renal blood flow equation

A

RBF = (Renal artery pressure - Renal vein pressure) / (renal vascular resistance)

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21
Q

Angiotensin and GFR

A

Prevents it from coming down, doesnt change it significantly

22
Q

Sympathetic stim effect on GFR

A

Decreases

23
Q

Endothelial-Derived nitric oxide ______ Renal Vascular Resistance and ______ Glomerular Filtration Rate

A

Increases

Decreases

24
Q

NSAIDs and GFR

A

prostaglandins inhibitted, no efferent arteriole constriction

GFR down

25
Q

Juxtaglomerular cells where

A

Walls of efferent/afferent arterioles

26
Q

Macula densa response to sodium changes (2)

A

When sodium is decreased, macula densa decreases glomerular pressure, increasing GFR.

When sodium is decreased, macula densa signals juxtoglomerular cells to release renin

27
Q

Protein ingestion and GFR

A

Increases GFR.

Increased protein reabsorption = increased sodium reabsorption. This causes macula densa to increase GFR

28
Q

GFR and age

A

Low at birth, reaches adult levels at 2yo. At 40 begins decreasing 5-10% per decade

29
Q

Glucose reabsorption location and transporter

A

Early proximal tubule

SGLT2

30
Q

Protein reabsorption mechanism

A

Pinocytosis

31
Q

% of sodium reabsorption in proximal tubule

A

65%

32
Q

Site of secretion of organic acids and bases

A

Proximal tubule

33
Q

Compound used to estimate renal plasma flow

A

PAH para-aminohippuric acid

34
Q

thick ascending loop sodium transport by

A

NKCC2 co transporter.

35
Q

Two types of cells in distal tubule

A

Principal cells

Intercalated cells

36
Q

Principal cells reabsorb _______ and secrete _____

A

Reabsorb water and sodium

Secrete potassium

37
Q

Intercalated cells reabsorb ___ and secrete _____

A

Potassium

Hydrogen ion

38
Q

how does type A principal cell secrete potassium

A

Na+/K+ ATPase in basolateral membrane creates gradient.

K+ diffuses to lumen bc of gradient

39
Q

Cell affected by potassium sparers

A

Principal cells (blocking sodium entry means no potassium efflux to lumen)

40
Q

Type A vs B intercalated cells

A

Type A: Secretes hydrogen into lumen

Type B: Secretes bicarb into lumen

41
Q

Type B cells main transporter into lumen

A

Pendrin Cl-/HCO3- counter transporter

42
Q

Urine is most dilute whre

A

Right at the end of the loop of henle

43
Q

Permeability of collecting duct to water is controlled by

A

ADH

44
Q

Substance used to calculate water reabsorption

A

Inulin (doesnt get reabsorbed)

45
Q

Aldosteron acts on _____ (kidney)

A

Principal cells in collecting tube

46
Q

aldosterone increases _____ reabsorption and ______ secretion is by stimulating _____ on the ______ side of the ______ membrane

A

aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion is by stimulating the Na+-K+ ATPase pump on the basolateral side of the cortical collecting tubule membrane

47
Q

Aldosterone defficiency lab values (serum)

A

Sodium goes down (lost in urine)

Potassium goes up (can’t secrete)

48
Q

Parathyroid hormone tubular absorption effect

A

Decreases PO4- reabsorption

Increases Ca2+ reabsorption

49
Q

ADH binds to ____, stimulating _______ movement to lumen

A

V2

AQP-2

50
Q

Angiotensin II stimulates reabsorption of

A

Sodium, H20, H+

51
Q

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide reabsorption effects

A

Decreases sodium and water

52
Q

Sympathetic nervous system _____ sodium reabsorption

A

Increases

Also renin release

PBL 2.2.4 (13 decks)

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