Phys 25-28, 32: Kidney make pee

Question 1

Evaporation loss of water from skin/respiratory tract per day

Answer 1

700ml

Question 2

Intracellular fluid weight percent of body

Extracellular fluid weight percent of body

Answer 2

ICF 40%

ECF 20%

Question 3

Lymphedema parasite

Answer 3

Wucheria Bancrofti

Question 4

In advanced heart failure, increased secretion of _______ stimulates _______by the renal tubules, leading to _______

Answer 4

In advanced heart failure, increased secretion of ADH stimulates water reabsorption by the renal tubules, leading to hyponatremia and edema

Question 5

What substance is used to create spacing between renal tubule cells

Answer 5

Proteoglycan filaments

Question 6

Hypoxia stimulates kidney to secrete

Answer 6

Erythropoetin

Question 7

Calcitriol aka

Answer 7

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

Question 8

Normal kidney blood flow per min

Answer 8

1100 ml

Question 9

Smooth muscle of bladder aka

Answer 9

Detrusor

Question 10

Max bladder pressure

Answer 10

40-60mmhg

Question 11

Bladder sympathetics

Answer 11

L2 hypogastric nerves

Question 12

Bladder parasympathetics

Answer 12

Sacral plexus S2/S3

Question 13

Micturition facilitation and inhibition centers where

Answer 13

Brainstem, mostsly pons

Some in cerebral cortex

Question 14

Cause of uninhibited neurogenic bladder

Answer 14

Damage to spinal cord means no brain inhibition of micturion reflex

Question 15

Charge effect on filterability of substance in nephron

Answer 15

Postive charge filters more readily

Question 16

Filtration coefficient equation

Answer 16

Kf = GFR/ filtration pressure

Question 17

Increased bowmans hydrostatic pressure does ____ to GFR

Answer 17

Decreases

Question 18

Increased glomerular colloid osmotic pressure does what to GFR

Answer 18

Decreases

Question 19

Increased glomerular hydrostatic pressure does what to GFR

Answer 19

Increases

Question 20

Renal blood flow equation

Answer 20

RBF = (Renal artery pressure - Renal vein pressure) / (renal vascular resistance)

Question 21

Angiotensin and GFR

Answer 21

Prevents it from coming down, doesnt change it significantly

Question 22

Sympathetic stim effect on GFR

Answer 22

Decreases

Question 23

Endothelial-Derived nitric oxide ______ Renal Vascular Resistance and ______ Glomerular Filtration Rate

Answer 23

Increases

Decreases

Question 24

NSAIDs and GFR

Answer 24

prostaglandins inhibitted, no efferent arteriole constriction

GFR down

Question 25

Juxtaglomerular cells where

Answer 25

Walls of efferent/afferent arterioles

Question 26

Macula densa response to sodium changes (2)

Answer 26

When sodium is decreased, macula densa decreases glomerular pressure, increasing GFR. When sodium is decreased, macula densa signals juxtoglomerular cells to release renin

Question 27

Protein ingestion and GFR

Answer 27

Increases GFR. Increased protein reabsorption = increased sodium reabsorption. This causes macula densa to increase GFR

Question 28

GFR and age

Answer 28

Low at birth, reaches adult levels at 2yo. At 40 begins decreasing 5-10% per decade

Question 29

Glucose reabsorption location and transporter

Answer 29

Early proximal tubule SGLT2

Question 30

Protein reabsorption mechanism

Answer 30

Pinocytosis

Question 31

% of sodium reabsorption in proximal tubule

Answer 31

65%

Question 32

Site of secretion of organic acids and bases

Answer 32

Proximal tubule

Question 33

Compound used to estimate renal plasma flow

Answer 33

PAH para-aminohippuric acid

Question 34

thick ascending loop sodium transport by

Answer 34

NKCC2 co transporter.

Question 35

Two types of cells in distal tubule

Answer 35

Principal cells Intercalated cells

Question 36

Principal cells reabsorb _______ and secrete _____

Answer 36

Reabsorb water and sodium Secrete potassium

Question 37

Intercalated cells reabsorb ___ and secrete _____

Answer 37

Potassium Hydrogen ion

Question 38

how does type A principal cell secrete potassium

Answer 38

Na+/K+ ATPase in basolateral membrane creates gradient. K+ diffuses to lumen bc of gradient

Question 39

Cell affected by potassium sparers

Answer 39

Principal cells (blocking sodium entry means no potassium efflux to lumen)

Question 40

Type A vs B intercalated cells

Answer 40

Type A: Secretes hydrogen into lumen Type B: Secretes bicarb into lumen

Question 41

Type B cells main transporter into lumen

Answer 41

**Pendrin** Cl-/HCO3- counter transporter

Question 42

Urine is most dilute whre

Answer 42

Right at the end of the loop of henle

Question 43

Permeability of collecting duct to water is controlled by

Answer 43

ADH

Question 44

Substance used to calculate water reabsorption

Answer 44

Inulin (doesnt get reabsorbed)

Question 45

Aldosteron acts on _____ (kidney)

Answer 45

Principal cells in collecting tube

Question 46

aldosterone increases _____ reabsorption and ______ secretion is by stimulating _____ on the ______ side of the ______ membrane

Answer 46

aldosterone increases **sodium** reabsorption and **potassium** secretion is by stimulating the **Na+-K+ ATPase** pump on the **basolateral** side of the **cortical collecting tubule** membrane

Question 47

Aldosterone defficiency lab values (serum)

Answer 47

Sodium goes down (lost in urine) Potassium goes up (can’t secrete)

Question 48

Parathyroid hormone tubular absorption effect

Answer 48

Decreases PO4- reabsorption Increases Ca2+ reabsorption

Question 49

ADH binds to ____, stimulating _______ movement to lumen

Answer 49

V2 AQP-2

Question 50

Angiotensin II stimulates reabsorption of

Answer 50

Sodium, H20, H+

Question 51

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide reabsorption effects

Answer 51

Decreases sodium and water

Question 52

Sympathetic nervous system _____ sodium reabsorption

Answer 52

Increases Also renin release