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PBL 2.2.4 > Path 15: BREATHING > Flashcards

Path 15: BREATHING Flashcards

1
Q

Small spherical structures beyond terminal bronchioles

A

Acinus

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2
Q

Pulmonary hypoplasia caused by

A

Abnormalties that compress fetus

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3
Q

Pulmonary sequestration

A

Tissue not conected to airways that has abnormal aortic blood supply

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4
Q

Hemosiderin laden macrophages in lung tell you what

A

Prior episode of pulmonary congestion

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5
Q

Long standing pulmonargy congestion effects on lung

A

Abundant hemosiderin macrophages

Fibrosis and thickening of alveolar walls

Lungs become firm and brown

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6
Q

Bugs that cause ARDS

A

Viral pneumonias, mycoplasma, pneumocystitis jiroveci

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7
Q

ARDS intiated by injury to

A

Pneumocytes and pulmonary endothelium

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8
Q

Resolution of injury in ARDS impeded by

A

Epithelial necrosis which impairs ability of cells to resorp the edema

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9
Q

Histology of ARDS

A

-hyaline membranes lining alveolar walls
-edema
-scattered neutrophils and macrophages
-epithelial necrosis

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10
Q

FEV/FVC ratio in COPD

A

Less than 0.7

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11
Q

Chronic bronchitis signs

A

Cough w/ sputum

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12
Q

Chronic bronchitis pathologic changes

A

Mucous gland hyperplasia

Hypersecretion

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13
Q

Asthma pathologic changes

A

Smooth muscle hyperplasia

Excess mucus

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14
Q

Emphysema pathologic changes

A

Airspace enlargement of acinus w/ wall destruction

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15
Q

Most common form of emphysema

A

Centriacinar (centrilobular)

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16
Q

Centriacinar emphysema spares

A

Distal alvioli

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17
Q

Panacinar emphysema assoc w/

A

α1-antitripsyn deficiency

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18
Q

Panacinar emphysema affects _____

A

Acini are enlarged uniformly

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19
Q

Factors contributing to chronic bronchitis pathogenesis

A

-Mucus hypersecretion
-Acquired CFTR dysfunction
-Inflammation
-Infection

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20
Q

Farmer’s lung is caused by

A

Hypersentitivity to mold/hay

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21
Q

Patients with silicosis have increased risk of

A

TB

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22
Q

Most common causes of bronchiectatis (US, world)

A

US: Cystic Fibrosis
World: TB

23
Q

Triggers of non atopic asthma

A

Infection

24
Q

Drug induced asthma caused by

A

Aspirin

Increase in prostaglandin E2 leads to B4C4D4E4 rise

25
Q

Atopic asthma caused by

A

Th2 IgE response to environment

26
Q

Gene best linked to asthma

A

IL13 polymorphism

27
Q

Asthma histology

A

Curschmann spirals

Charcot-leyden crystals in eosinphils

Airway remodeling

28
Q

Bronchiectasis predisposing conditions

A

Congenital causes (HF, etc)

Severe pneumonia

Bronchial obstruction

29
Q

Infections that lead to bronchiectasis are result of defect in _________

A

Airway clearing

30
Q

Bugs for bronchiectasis

A

H. Flu (50%)
P. aeruginosa (10-30%)

31
Q

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis pathology

A

Progessive interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory failure

32
Q

4 major pneumocoses and settings

A

Coal: Coal
Silica: Sandblasting, construction, stone cutting, mining
Asbestos: Mining of asbestos, insulation
Berrylium: Aircraft manufacturing

33
Q

Silicosis pathogenesis

A

Macrophages eat silica
Imflammasome activated to release IL1 and IL18

34
Q

Silicosis on xray

A

Eggshell calcification

35
Q

Asbestos histology

A

Asbestos bodies: brown beaded rods

Pleural plaques

36
Q

Sarcoidosis buzzword

A

Non caseating granuloma

37
Q

Large collections of macrophafes in airspaces of a smoker think

A

Desquamative interstitial pneumonia

38
Q

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis pathology

A

Defects in macrophage GM-CSF rsults in surfactant accumulation

39
Q

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis histo

A

Normal walls

Alveoli filled with dense protein lipid granular precipitate

40
Q

Most frenquent surfctant gene

A

ABCA3

41
Q

Pulmonary htn defined as

A

25mmhg at rest

42
Q

Gene for pulm HTN

A

BMPR2

43
Q

Patient with pulmonary hemmorhage and bad kidney think

A

Goodpasture syndrome

44
Q

Most common community pneumonia

A

Strep pneumoniae

45
Q

Croup aka

A

Laryngotroncheobronchitis

46
Q

Hosp acquired pneumonia bugs

A

S aureus
Psuedomonas

47
Q

Chronic pneumonia w/ granuloma in midwest and third world

A

Histoplasmosis capsulatum

48
Q

Yeast pneumonia in SE USA

A

Blastomyces

49
Q

Fungus pneumonia in SW USA

A

Cocciodiodes immitis

50
Q

Most common lung cancer in never smokers

A

Adenocarcinoma

51
Q

Lung tumor with diarrhea, flushin, cyanosis

A

Carcinoid syndrome

52
Q

Milky white pleural effusion think

A

Chylothorax

53
Q

Mesothelioma gene

A

CDKN2A

PBL 2.2.4 (13 decks)

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