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PBL 2.2.4 > Path 15: BREATHING > Flashcards

Path 15: BREATHING Flashcards

1
Q

Small spherical structures beyond terminal bronchioles

A

Acinus

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2
Q

Pulmonary hypoplasia caused by

A

Abnormalties that compress fetus

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3
Q

Pulmonary sequestration

A

Tissue not conected to airways that has abnormal aortic blood supply

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4
Q

Hemosiderin laden macrophages in lung tell you what

A

Prior episode of pulmonary congestion

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5
Q

Long standing pulmonargy congestion effects on lung

A

Abundant hemosiderin macrophages

Fibrosis and thickening of alveolar walls

Lungs become firm and brown

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6
Q

Bugs that cause ARDS

A

Viral pneumonias, mycoplasma, pneumocystitis jiroveci

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7
Q

ARDS intiated by injury to

A

Pneumocytes and pulmonary endothelium

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8
Q

Resolution of injury in ARDS impeded by

A

Epithelial necrosis which impairs ability of cells to resorp the edema

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9
Q

Histology of ARDS

A

-hyaline membranes lining alveolar walls
-edema
-scattered neutrophils and macrophages
-epithelial necrosis

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10
Q

FEV/FVC ratio in COPD

A

Less than 0.7

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11
Q

Chronic bronchitis signs

A

Cough w/ sputum

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12
Q

Chronic bronchitis pathologic changes

A

Mucous gland hyperplasia

Hypersecretion

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13
Q

Asthma pathologic changes

A

Smooth muscle hyperplasia

Excess mucus

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14
Q

Emphysema pathologic changes

A

Airspace enlargement of acinus w/ wall destruction

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15
Q

Most common form of emphysema

A

Centriacinar (centrilobular)

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16
Q

Centriacinar emphysema spares

A

Distal alvioli

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17
Q

Panacinar emphysema assoc w/

A

α1-antitripsyn deficiency

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18
Q

Panacinar emphysema affects _____

A

Acini are enlarged uniformly

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19
Q

Factors contributing to chronic bronchitis pathogenesis

A

-Mucus hypersecretion
-Acquired CFTR dysfunction
-Inflammation
-Infection

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20
Q

Farmer’s lung is caused by

A

Hypersentitivity to mold/hay

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21
Q

Patients with silicosis have increased risk of

A

TB

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22
Q

Most common causes of bronchiectatis (US, world)

A

US: Cystic Fibrosis
World: TB

23
Q

Triggers of non atopic asthma

24
Q

Drug induced asthma caused by

A

Aspirin

Increase in prostaglandin E2 leads to B4C4D4E4 rise

25
Atopic asthma caused by
Th2 IgE response to environment
26
Gene best linked to asthma
*IL13* polymorphism
27
Asthma histology
Curschmann spirals Charcot-leyden crystals in eosinphils Airway remodeling
28
Bronchiectasis predisposing conditions
Congenital causes (HF, etc) Severe pneumonia Bronchial obstruction
29
Infections that lead to bronchiectasis are result of defect in _________
Airway clearing
30
Bugs for bronchiectasis
H. Flu (50%) P. aeruginosa (10-30%)
31
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis pathology
Progessive interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory failure
32
4 major pneumocoses and settings
Coal: Coal Silica: Sandblasting, construction, stone cutting, mining Asbestos: Mining of asbestos, insulation Berrylium: Aircraft manufacturing
33
Silicosis pathogenesis
Macrophages eat silica Imflammasome activated to release *IL1* and *IL18*
34
Silicosis on xray
Eggshell calcification
35
Asbestos histology
Asbestos bodies: brown beaded rods Pleural plaques
36
Sarcoidosis buzzword
Non caseating granuloma
37
Large collections of macrophafes in airspaces of a smoker think
Desquamative interstitial pneumonia
38
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis pathology
Defects in macrophage GM-CSF rsults in surfactant accumulation
39
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis histo
Normal walls Alveoli filled with dense protein lipid granular precipitate
40
Most frenquent surfctant gene
ABCA3
41
Pulmonary htn defined as
25mmhg at rest
42
Gene for pulm HTN
BMPR2
43
Patient with pulmonary hemmorhage and bad kidney think
Goodpasture syndrome
44
Most common community pneumonia
Strep pneumoniae
45
Croup aka
Laryngotroncheobronchitis
46
Hosp acquired pneumonia bugs
S aureus Psuedomonas
47
Chronic pneumonia w/ granuloma in midwest and third world
Histoplasmosis capsulatum
48
Yeast pneumonia in SE USA
Blastomyces
49
Fungus pneumonia in SW USA
Cocciodiodes immitis
50
Most common lung cancer in never smokers
Adenocarcinoma
51
Lung tumor with diarrhea, flushin, cyanosis
Carcinoid syndrome
52
Milky white pleural effusion think
Chylothorax
53
Mesothelioma gene
CDKN2A

PBL 2.2.4 (13 decks)

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