Pharm 33/34: Microbial Death Flashcards
Influenza virus drugs (inhibit release)
Zanamivir and oseltamivir
Mivir —> mi virus (es de mi célula y no se va)
Influenza drugs (viral membrane)
Amantadine and rimantadine
“manta” no se le quita
Log cell kill model
Cell destruction by chemotherapy is first order (constant fraction)
Mechanisms of resistance main types
Reduce intracellular concentration (pump out, dont take in
Target Based (change target, overproduce it, )
Conjugation, transduction, transformation definitions
Conjugation: direct transfer
Transduction: Via virus
Transformation: take up DNA from environment
Multidrug resistant cancer associated with _____
P170/MDR1 overexpression
Vancomycin resistance via
D-Ala-D-Lactate
Decreased vanco binding affinity
Ayclovir reisistance acquired by
Viral thymidine kinase gene mutation.
Malaria prophylaxis
Mefloquine
HIV PoP
Retegravir, tenofovir, emtricitabine
Sulfonamides MOA
Dihydropteroate synthase inhibitors
Sulfonimide resistance how
either
PABA mutation (cant bind)
PABA overproduction (suicide squad)
Sulfa drugs in newborns
Compete with bilirubin binding causing neonatal jaundice
Dapsone class and use
Leprosy
sulfone, dihydropteroate synthase inhibitor
Trimethoprim MOA
folate analogue that selectively inhibits bacterial DHFR
Pyrimethamine
folate analogue that selectively inhibits parasitic DHFR
Methotrexate MOA
folate analogue that reversibly inhibits DHFR.
Tetrahydrofolate down —> purine synthesis inhibition —> cessation of dna/rna synthesis
Methotrexate administered with
Leucovorin aka N-5 formyltetrahydrofolate
Folinic acid rescue for good cells
Quinolones MOA
Bactericidal
Inhibits toposiomerase II (gram - ) and IV (gram +)
Old vs new flouroquinolones
Old: ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin. (CNO) treats gram neg in GI and GU
New: gemifloxacin, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin. (GML) treat gram neg GI/GU and pneumonias
Fidamoxicin MOA and use
Acts at initiation of RNA synthesis
use for C. Diff
Aminoglycosides MOA and use
30S inhibitor (16s specifically). Causes DNA misread
Mostly for gram negatives
Low toxicity
Bactericidal
Aminoglycosides names
MYCINS
Streptomycin
Neomycin
Gentamicin
Tobramycin
etc.
Aminoglycoside AEs
Ototoxic
Nephrotoxic
Neuromuscular block
Spectinomycin MOA and use
30S inhibitor (16s)
Bacteriostatic
Tetracyclines MOA and use
30s subunit inhibitor (16s)
Accumulates in bacteria
Efflux pump resistance
Gram negs
Tigecycline MOA and use
Newer tetracycline type drug… Effective in serious abd/skin infections. Last resort
Macrolides names
Azithromycin
Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
(thromycin)
Macrolide MOA and use
50s subunit (23s). Blocks exit tunnel of peptides
Mostly gram positives
Macrolide resistance how
Plasmid encoded
Enterobacteria modifies the drug
Gram positives use methylase (modifies 23s)
Telithromycin MOA and use
50S (23s) inhibittor
Gram-poisitives when macrolides fail
Chloramphenicol MOA and use
Broad spectrum bacteriostatic
Binds 50s (23s)
Chloramphenicol AEs
Can cause gray baby syndrome bc baby cant conjugate it
Aplastic anemia
Can inhibit P450
Clindamycin MOA and use
Blocks peptide via 50S
Penecillin resitant, bacteriodes
Drug to use when vanco resistance (+MOA)
Streptogramins: dalfopristin quinupristin
50s (23s)
Linezolid MOA and use
Good for gram positive (MRSA, VRE)
50s (23s)
Retepamulin MOA and use
50s
Minor skin infections