Pharm 33/34: Microbial Death

Question 1

Influenza virus drugs (inhibit release)

Answer 1

Zanamivir and oseltamivir

Mivir —> mi virus (es de mi célula y no se va)

Question 2

Influenza drugs (viral membrane)

Answer 2

Amantadine and rimantadine

“manta” no se le quita

Question 3

Log cell kill model

Answer 3

Cell destruction by chemotherapy is first order (constant fraction)

Question 4

Mechanisms of resistance main types

Answer 4

Reduce intracellular concentration (pump out, dont take in

Target Based (change target, overproduce it, )

Question 5

Conjugation, transduction, transformation definitions

Answer 5

Conjugation: direct transfer
Transduction: Via virus
Transformation: take up DNA from environment

Question 6

Multidrug resistant cancer associated with _____

Answer 6

P170/MDR1 overexpression

Question 7

Vancomycin resistance via

Answer 7

D-Ala-D-Lactate

Decreased vanco binding affinity

Question 8

Ayclovir reisistance acquired by

Answer 8

Viral thymidine kinase gene mutation.

Question 9

Malaria prophylaxis

Answer 9

Mefloquine

Question 10

HIV PoP

Answer 10

Retegravir, tenofovir, emtricitabine

Question 11

Sulfonamides MOA

Answer 11

Dihydropteroate synthase inhibitors

Question 12

Sulfonimide resistance how

Answer 12

either

PABA mutation (cant bind)

PABA overproduction (suicide squad)

Question 13

Sulfa drugs in newborns

Answer 13

Compete with bilirubin binding causing neonatal jaundice

Question 14

Dapsone class and use

Answer 14

Leprosy

sulfone, dihydropteroate synthase inhibitor

Question 15

Trimethoprim MOA

Answer 15

folate analogue that selectively inhibits bacterial DHFR

Question 16

Pyrimethamine

Answer 16

folate analogue that selectively inhibits parasitic DHFR

Question 17

Methotrexate MOA

Answer 17

folate analogue that reversibly inhibits DHFR.

Tetrahydrofolate down —> purine synthesis inhibition —> cessation of dna/rna synthesis

Question 18

Methotrexate administered with

Answer 18

Leucovorin aka N-5 formyltetrahydrofolate

Folinic acid rescue for good cells

Question 19

Quinolones MOA

Answer 19

Bactericidal

Inhibits toposiomerase II (gram - ) and IV (gram +)

Question 20

Old vs new flouroquinolones

Answer 20

Old: ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin. (CNO) treats gram neg in GI and GU

New: gemifloxacin, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin. (GML) treat gram neg GI/GU and pneumonias

Question 21

Fidamoxicin MOA and use

Answer 21

Acts at initiation of RNA synthesis

use for C. Diff

Question 22

Aminoglycosides MOA and use

Answer 22

30S inhibitor (16s specifically). Causes DNA misread

Mostly for gram negatives

Low toxicity

Bactericidal

Question 23

Aminoglycosides names

Answer 23

MYCINS

Streptomycin

Neomycin

Gentamicin

Tobramycin

etc.

Question 24

Aminoglycoside AEs

Answer 24

Ototoxic

Nephrotoxic

Neuromuscular block

Question 25

Spectinomycin MOA and use

Answer 25

30S inhibitor (16s) Bacteriostatic

Question 26

Tetracyclines MOA and use

Answer 26

30s subunit inhibitor (16s) Accumulates in bacteria Efflux pump resistance Gram negs

Question 27

Tigecycline MOA and use

Answer 27

Newer tetracycline type drug… Effective in serious abd/skin infections. Last resort

Question 28

Macrolides names

Answer 28

Azithromycin Erythromycin Clarithromycin (*thromycin*)

Question 29

Macrolide MOA and use

Answer 29

50s subunit (23s). Blocks exit tunnel of peptides Mostly gram positives

Question 30

Macrolide resistance how

Answer 30

Plasmid encoded Enterobacteria modifies the drug Gram positives use methylase (modifies 23s)

Question 31

Telithromycin MOA and use

Answer 31

50S (23s) inhibittor Gram-poisitives when macrolides fail

Question 32

Chloramphenicol MOA and use

Answer 32

Broad spectrum bacterio**static** Binds 50s (23s)

Question 33

Chloramphenicol AEs

Answer 33

Can cause gray baby syndrome bc baby cant conjugate it Aplastic anemia Can inhibit P450

Question 34

Clindamycin MOA and use

Answer 34

Blocks peptide via 50S Penecillin resitant, bacteriodes

Question 35

Drug to use when vanco resistance (+MOA)

Answer 35

Streptogramins: **dalfo**pristin **quinu**pristin 50s (23s)

Question 36

Linezolid MOA and use

Answer 36

Good for gram positive (MRSA, VRE) 50s (23s)

Question 37

Retepamulin MOA and use

Answer 37

50s Minor skin infections