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PBL 2.2.4 > Pharm 33/34: Microbial Death > Flashcards

Pharm 33/34: Microbial Death Flashcards

1
Q

Influenza virus drugs (inhibit release)

A

Zanamivir and oseltamivir

Mivir —> mi virus (es de mi célula y no se va)

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2
Q

Influenza drugs (viral membrane)

A

Amantadine and rimantadine

“manta” no se le quita

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3
Q

Log cell kill model

A

Cell destruction by chemotherapy is first order (constant fraction)

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4
Q

Mechanisms of resistance main types

A

Reduce intracellular concentration (pump out, dont take in

Target Based (change target, overproduce it, )

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5
Q

Conjugation, transduction, transformation definitions

A

Conjugation: direct transfer
Transduction: Via virus
Transformation: take up DNA from environment

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6
Q

Multidrug resistant cancer associated with _____

A

P170/MDR1 overexpression

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7
Q

Vancomycin resistance via

A

D-Ala-D-Lactate

Decreased vanco binding affinity

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8
Q

Ayclovir reisistance acquired by

A

Viral thymidine kinase gene mutation.

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9
Q

Malaria prophylaxis

A

Mefloquine

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10
Q

HIV PoP

A

Retegravir, tenofovir, emtricitabine

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11
Q

Sulfonamides MOA

A

Dihydropteroate synthase inhibitors

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12
Q

Sulfonimide resistance how

A

either

PABA mutation (cant bind)

PABA overproduction (suicide squad)

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13
Q

Sulfa drugs in newborns

A

Compete with bilirubin binding causing neonatal jaundice

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14
Q

Dapsone class and use

A

Leprosy

sulfone, dihydropteroate synthase inhibitor

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15
Q

Trimethoprim MOA

A

folate analogue that selectively inhibits bacterial DHFR

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16
Q

Pyrimethamine

A

folate analogue that selectively inhibits parasitic DHFR

17
Q

Methotrexate MOA

A

folate analogue that reversibly inhibits DHFR.

Tetrahydrofolate down —> purine synthesis inhibition —> cessation of dna/rna synthesis

18
Q

Methotrexate administered with

A

Leucovorin aka N-5 formyltetrahydrofolate

Folinic acid rescue for good cells

19
Q

Quinolones MOA

A

Bactericidal

Inhibits toposiomerase II (gram - ) and IV (gram +)

20
Q

Old vs new flouroquinolones

A

Old: ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin. (CNO) treats gram neg in GI and GU

New: gemifloxacin, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin. (GML) treat gram neg GI/GU and pneumonias

21
Q

Fidamoxicin MOA and use

A

Acts at initiation of RNA synthesis

use for C. Diff

22
Q

Aminoglycosides MOA and use

A

30S inhibitor (16s specifically). Causes DNA misread

Mostly for gram negatives

Low toxicity

Bactericidal

23
Q

Aminoglycosides names

A

MYCINS

Streptomycin

Neomycin

Gentamicin

Tobramycin

etc.

24
Q

Aminoglycoside AEs

A

Ototoxic

Nephrotoxic

Neuromuscular block

25
Q

Spectinomycin MOA and use

A

30S inhibitor (16s)

Bacteriostatic

26
Q

Tetracyclines MOA and use

A

30s subunit inhibitor (16s)

Accumulates in bacteria

Efflux pump resistance

Gram negs

27
Q

Tigecycline MOA and use

A

Newer tetracycline type drug… Effective in serious abd/skin infections. Last resort

28
Q

Macrolides names

A

Azithromycin

Erythromycin

Clarithromycin

(thromycin)

29
Q

Macrolide MOA and use

A

50s subunit (23s). Blocks exit tunnel of peptides

Mostly gram positives

30
Q

Macrolide resistance how

A

Plasmid encoded

Enterobacteria modifies the drug

Gram positives use methylase (modifies 23s)

31
Q

Telithromycin MOA and use

A

50S (23s) inhibittor

Gram-poisitives when macrolides fail

32
Q

Chloramphenicol MOA and use

A

Broad spectrum bacteriostatic

Binds 50s (23s)

33
Q

Chloramphenicol AEs

A

Can cause gray baby syndrome bc baby cant conjugate it

Aplastic anemia

Can inhibit P450

34
Q

Clindamycin MOA and use

A

Blocks peptide via 50S

Penecillin resitant, bacteriodes

35
Q

Drug to use when vanco resistance (+MOA)

A

Streptogramins: dalfopristin quinupristin

50s (23s)

36
Q

Linezolid MOA and use

A

Good for gram positive (MRSA, VRE)

50s (23s)

37
Q

Retepamulin MOA and use

A

50s

Minor skin infections

PBL 2.2.4 (13 decks)

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