Phys 2

Question 1

Pressure in the right and left atrium

Answer 1

both are 15/4

Question 2

Pressure in the right ventricle

Answer 2

25/0

Question 3

Pressure in the left ventricle

Answer 3

120/0

Question 4

Diastole pressure is higher in…

Answer 4

the atrium than ventricles

Question 5

Pressure in the pulmonary artery

Answer 5

25/15 (PBP)

Question 6

Pressure in the aorta

Answer 6

120/80

Question 7

Alveolar Capillaries:

1. Source
2. PaO2
3. PaCO2
4. Function
5. Return to the heart
6. Blood gas in vein

Answer 7

1. Right ventricle via Pulmonary artery
2. Low
3. High
4. Gas exchange in alveoli
5. Pulmonary vein to Left ventricle
6. high PaO2/low PaCO2

Question 8

Extra Alveolar Capillaries:

1. Source
2. PaO2
3. PaCO2
4. Function
5. Return to the heart
6. Blood gas in vein
7. Notes

Answer 8

1. Left ventricle via aorta
2. High
3. Low
4. Provide nutrients to and remove waste from the airways
5. Pulmonary vein to left ventricle
6. Low PaO2/High PaCO2
7. Venous admixture

Question 9

BP=__ X __

Answer 9

CO X TPR

blood pressure= cardiac output X resistance to blood flow

Question 10

PBP= __ X __

Answer 10

CO X PVR

(pulmonary blood pressure = cardiac output X pulmonary vascular resistance)
-PVR is low when compared to systemic resistance

Question 11

CO

Answer 11

5L/min

Question 12

What does fight/flight do in the lungs?

Answer 12

nothing…it doesn’t really get there

Question 13

Does PVR increase or decrease during exercise?

Answer 13

decreases because more pulmonary capillaries open up to increase CO

Question 14

What does PVR depend on?

Answer 14

1. number of capillaries
2. number of capillaries open
3. lung volume (low or high volumes, PVR ^ a little)

Question 15

Zone I

Answer 15

Apex. Slightly above the heart, and therefore the BP is reduced. But the alveoli are slightly expanded, so blood flow is less.

Question 16

Zone II

Answer 16

Pulmonary A/V. The BP is slightly higher because it is at the same level as the heart. The alveoli are average size, and the blood flow is normal.

Question 17

Zone III

Answer 17

Base. BP is high because it is below the heart. The alveoli are smaller, and blood flow is greater.

Question 18

NO

Answer 18

• nitric oxide made by endothelium
• causes SM relaxation and vasodilation
• significant role in normal pulmonary blood flow

Question 19

Oxygen as a modulator

Answer 19

• the strongest of all of them

- BVs relax with increased O2, and they constrict with low levels

Question 20

Endothelin 1

Answer 20

-made in the lungs, and acts as a vasoconstrictor
-only works during pathologic conditions
(thromboxane A2 is basically the same thing)

Question 21

Hypoxia in whole system–>

Answer 21

whole lung vasoconstrictor–> increase PVR–> increased pulmonary BP–> right heart failure–> right ventricle hypertrophies/peripheral edema

Question 22

Starling Forces

Answer 22

1. Hydrostatic Pressure: fluid pushing against the tissue/wall of capillary
2. Oncotic Pressure: osmotic pressure of the fluids

Question 23

Pc

Answer 23

Hydrostatic Pressure: the blood pressure in the capillary; tries to push fluid into the alveoli from the capillary

Question 24

Pt

Answer 24

Hydrostatic Pressure: pushes fluid into the alveoli from the capillary

Question 25

πc

Answer 25

Oncotic Pressure: tries to pull water into the capillary

Question 26

πt

Answer 26

Oncotic Pressure: tries to pull water into the alveolus

Question 27

What three startling forces want water to go into the lungs? Which ones does not?

Answer 27

1. πt, Pc, Pt
2. πc

(Pc + Pt + πt) - πc = where will the fluid go

Question 28

What is the greatest startling force?

Answer 28

Pc

Question 29

Renin changes what to what?

Answer 29

angiotensinogen —> angiotensin 1

Question 30

Angiotensinogen is a ___ added to the ___ by the ___.

Answer 30

protein, plasma, liver

Question 31

How does angiotensin 1 change to 2?

Answer 31

• ACE (angiotensin converting enzymes)
• occurs in the lungs

*ACE also inactivates bradykinin