Hist

Question 1

Conducting Portion

Answer 1

• nasal cavity, paranasal sinus, nasopharynx, trachea
• primary, secondary, tertiary bronchi
• bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

Question 2

Respiratory Portion

Answer 2

-respiratory bronchioles (not involved with gas exchange), alveolare ducts, alveolar sacs

Question 3

Respiratory Epithelium

Answer 3

• Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with an extensive lamina propria
• “mucus membrane”

Question 4

Cilia are never present on…

Answer 4

true stratified epithelium

Question 5

Basal cells

Answer 5

• stems cells to repopulate epithelium/olfactory receptor

- not ciliated

Question 6

Goblet cells

Answer 6

-synthesize and secrete mucus

Question 7

Mucigen granules

Answer 7

• combine with water to make mucus

- secreted by goblet cells

Question 8

Nasal vestibule

Answer 8

• just inside nose (outermost nasal cavity)

- lined by skin (keratinized stratified squamous)

Question 9

Respiratory region

Answer 9

• inferior 2/3 of nasal cavity

- lined with respiratory mucosa

Question 10

Olfactory region

Answer 10

• superior 1/3 of nasal cavity

- lined by olfactory mucosa

Question 11

Turbinate bones

Answer 11

• increases surface area of the nasal cavity

- nasal cavity warms air

Question 12

Olfactory Mucosa

Answer 12

• contains receptors for smell

- respiratory epithelium BUT lacks goblet cells* and is thicker* (**Hallmark: why it is given a different name)

Question 13

Olfactory Glands

Answer 13

-serous secretions that dissolve odorant molecules

Question 14

Olfactory Receptor Cells

Answer 14

• Have single dendritic process
• Specialized, nonmotile cilia w/ odorant receptors
• Ligand binding causes signals to be sent to olfactory bulb

Question 15

Brush cells

Answer 15

-ciliated, columnar epithelial cells

Question 16

Supporting/Sustentacular Cells

Answer 16

-provide support (mechanical/metabolic) to olfactory receptor cells

Question 17

Trachea: 4 layers

Answer 17

1. Mucosa (pseudostratified, ciliated + elastic/fiber rick LP)
2. Submucosa (denser CT than LP)
3. Cartilaginous (hyaline)
4. Adventitia (Loose CT)

Question 18

Bronchi hallmarks

Answer 18

Small cartilage plates

Question 19

Bronchioles no longer have…

Answer 19

cartilage plates

Question 20

Clara Cells

Answer 20

• secrete lipoprotein that prevents luminal adhesion with airway collapse (during expiration)
• found in terminal bronchioles

Question 21

Alveolar Pores

Answer 21

small openings to allow air to move between alveoli

Question 22

Alveolar Septum

Answer 22

-wall of alveolar capillaries that is surrounded by elastin and collagen fibers

Question 23

Type I Pneumocytes

Answer 23

• simple squamous (why it takes up more space than II)

- create gas exchange surface (associated with caps)

Question 24

Type II Pneumocytes

Answer 24

• rounded (more abundant than I)

- secrete surfactant to reduce surface tension to prevent collapse of alveoli

Question 25

O2 movement to RBC

Answer 25

alveoli lumen–>surfactant–>P1–>basal lamina of P1–>basal lamina of endo cell–>endo cell–>RBC
*CO2 movement would be exact opposite

Question 26

Visceral pleura are covered by…

Answer 26

flattened mesothelium