PHYLOGENETICS L22 Flashcards
I. Systematics - SEQ Linnaean system II. Basics of phylogenetics - INTERPRET phylogenetics - CC types of groups III. Constructing phylogenies - SEQ making phylogenies - CC homologous/analogous
1
Q
taxonomy
A
- naming
- describing
- classifying
- used Linnaean system
- biological nomenclature
2
Q
phylogeny
A
- evolutionary history of species or groups
3
Q
cladistics
A
- a method of systematics based on phylogenetics
- each clade nested within larger groups
4
Q
branch point
A
- represents divergence of 2 lineages from common ancestor
- represents dichotomies - 2 way branch points
- branches can be rotated about nodes, does not change relationship
5
Q
sister taxa
A
- groups of organisms that share an immediate common ancestor
- each others closest relatives
6
Q
basal taxon
A
- lineage that diverges early in history of group
- 1st to diverge from common ancestor
- outgroup
7
Q
ingroup
A
- group that you are studying
- everything else on tree
8
Q
polytomy
A
- branch point with more than 2 groups
- indicates unclear evolutionary relationship
9
Q
monophyletic group
A
- a common ancestor and ALL of its descendants
10
Q
paraphyletic group
A
- a common ancestor and SOME of its descendants
11
Q
polyphyletic group
A
- distantly related species, but not most recent common ancestor
12
Q
ancestral trait
A
- trait present in outgroup
13
Q
derived trait
A
- trait present in ingroup, absent from outgroup
14
Q
shared derived trait
A
- derived trait present in all members of ingroup
15
Q
homologous structures
A
- similar due to common ancestry
- useful for cladistics
