DARWINIAN EVOLUTION L19

Question 1

Hutton

Answer 1

• observable processes produce small changes
• accumulate over time
• gradualism

Question 2

Lyell

Answer 2

• uniformitarianism

- geological processes uniform over time

Question 3

Lamarck

Answer 3

• use and disuse
• inheritance of acquired traits
• individual

Question 4

Darwin’s observations

Answer 4

1. variation
   - populations have variation
   - unique combination of traits in each individual
   - heritable
2. overproduction
   - more offspring than will survive and reproduce

Question 5

Darwin’s inferences

Answer 5

1. differential reproductive success
   - because of overproduction
   - some individuals will survive and reproduce more than others
   - best adapted individuals = most offspring
2. favorable traits accumulate
   - favorable traits = greater reproductive success
   - beneficial heritable traits accumulate in populations over time

Question 6

natural selection

Answer 6

• better adapted individuals = greater survival and reproduction
• “survival of the fittest”

Question 7

evolutionary fitness

Answer 7

• survival and reproduction

Question 8

homology

Answer 8

• similarity due to common ancestry

- structure inherited from common ancestor