GENETICS L12 Flashcards
I. Gregor Mendel and his experiments - SEQ Mendel's work - CC competing hypotheses - CC principles of heredity II. Genetic crosses - SEQ, CC, APPLY genetic crosses III. Using probability in genetics - APPLY probability rules
1
Q
gene
A
- unit of hereditary information
2
Q
allele
A
- alternative version of a gene
3
Q
character
A
- observable, heritable feature
4
Q
trait
A
- detectable variant of a character
5
Q
genotype
A
- genetic makeup
- what alleles are present
6
Q
phenotype
A
- observable physical traits
7
Q
true breeding
A
- always express same trait after self fertilization
- no exceptions
- all express same phenotype
8
Q
blending inheritance hypothesis
A
- gametes contain sampling of fluids from parents bodies
- fuse during reproduction
- fluids blend, offspring is intermediate
9
Q
P generation
A
- parental generation
10
Q
F1 generation
A
- 1st filial generation
11
Q
F2 generation
A
- 2nd filial generation
12
Q
conclusions of Mendel’s experiments
A
- no intermediate phenotypes appeared
- lost phenotypes reappear
- REJECTED
13
Q
4 components of Mendel’s model
A
- alleles
- 2 factors for each character
- dominance
- 2 principles of heredity
14
Q
2 factors for each character
A
- diploid individuals inherit 2 copies of each gene
- 1 from each parent
- may be identical (true breeding lines), may be different
- found on homologous chromosomes
15
Q
dominance
A
- if two alleles differ:
- dominant allele determines phenotype
- recessive allele has no noticeable effect on phenotype
