Phyiology Flashcards

1
Q

is the eustachian tube normally open or closed

A

closed

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2
Q

how does the eustachian tube open?

A

tensor veli palatini and levator palatine muscles

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3
Q

what is the first opening into the cochlea called?

A

the oval window

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4
Q

what is the second opening back into the middle ear called?

A

the round window

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5
Q

what are the three areas of cochlea called?

A

cochlear duct, scala vestibular and scala tympani

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6
Q

what special feature does the organ of corgi have

A

hair cells

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7
Q

what do hair cells do

A

transmit sound waves and converts it to electrical impulses

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8
Q

in what region of the brain is the primary auditory cortex

A

41/42

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9
Q

what kinda texture is the basilar membrane in the organ of corti

A

gel

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10
Q

what are the 5 key areas in vestibular end organs

A

saccule, utricle, lateral, anterior and posterior semicircular canal

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11
Q

what do both saccule and article have?

A

hair (stereo cilia) projecting upwards

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12
Q

what is vestibular schwannoma

A

tumour of the 8th CN sheath.

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13
Q

what are the receptors for taste and smell

A

chemoreceptors- bind to certain chemicals

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14
Q

where are the sensory receptor cells of taste?

A

taste buds duh

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15
Q

what are taste buds

A

the sense organ of taste

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16
Q

how are the sensory and support cells arranged in the taste bud

A

like slices of orange

17
Q

what is th life span of a taste bud

18
Q

where are taste buds present

A

tongue, palate, epiglottis, pharynx

19
Q

what are the 4 types of papillae found on the tongue

A

filiform (most common), fungiform, valuate, foliate

20
Q

do filiform contain taste buds?

21
Q

how do taste fibres reach brainstem

A

7th cranial nerve- chords tympanii (ant 2/3 of tongue) 9th- posterior third of tongue and 10th- other areas not tongue

22
Q

what are the 5 primary tastes

A

salty, sour, sweet, bitter, umami

23
Q

what is aguesia

A

loss of taste

24
Q

how do you get aguesia

A

nerve damage, infection,

25
what is dysgeusia and how do you get it
gum infections, reflux, medications, neoplasms, glossitis
26
what is olfactory mucosa
patch of mucosa in ceiling of nasal cavity
27
what are the 3 types of cells olfactory mucosa contains
olfactory receptor cell, supporting cells, basal cells
28
what are olfactory receptors
specialised nerve endings of renewable afferent neurons
29
what is the neuron composed of
a thick short dendrite and an expanded olfactory rod
30
what are odoronts
molecules that can be smelled
31
what is the lifespan of olfactory receptors
2 months
32
what do basal cells act as?
precursors to new olfactory receptor cells
33
what forms the olfactory nerve
olfactory receptors
34
what does the olfactory bulb do?
transmit smells to the brain
35
what is anosmia
inability to smell