Phyiology Flashcards
is the eustachian tube normally open or closed
closed
how does the eustachian tube open?
tensor veli palatini and levator palatine muscles
what is the first opening into the cochlea called?
the oval window
what is the second opening back into the middle ear called?
the round window
what are the three areas of cochlea called?
cochlear duct, scala vestibular and scala tympani
what special feature does the organ of corgi have
hair cells
what do hair cells do
transmit sound waves and converts it to electrical impulses
in what region of the brain is the primary auditory cortex
41/42
what kinda texture is the basilar membrane in the organ of corti
gel
what are the 5 key areas in vestibular end organs
saccule, utricle, lateral, anterior and posterior semicircular canal
what do both saccule and article have?
hair (stereo cilia) projecting upwards
what is vestibular schwannoma
tumour of the 8th CN sheath.
what are the receptors for taste and smell
chemoreceptors- bind to certain chemicals
where are the sensory receptor cells of taste?
taste buds duh
what are taste buds
the sense organ of taste
how are the sensory and support cells arranged in the taste bud
like slices of orange
what is th life span of a taste bud
10 days
where are taste buds present
tongue, palate, epiglottis, pharynx
what are the 4 types of papillae found on the tongue
filiform (most common), fungiform, valuate, foliate
do filiform contain taste buds?
nah
how do taste fibres reach brainstem
7th cranial nerve- chords tympanii (ant 2/3 of tongue) 9th- posterior third of tongue and 10th- other areas not tongue
what are the 5 primary tastes
salty, sour, sweet, bitter, umami
what is aguesia
loss of taste
how do you get aguesia
nerve damage, infection,
what is dysgeusia and how do you get it
gum infections, reflux, medications, neoplasms, glossitis
what is olfactory mucosa
patch of mucosa in ceiling of nasal cavity
what are the 3 types of cells olfactory mucosa contains
olfactory receptor cell, supporting cells, basal cells
what are olfactory receptors
specialised nerve endings of renewable afferent neurons
what is the neuron composed of
a thick short dendrite and an expanded olfactory rod
what are odoronts
molecules that can be smelled
what is the lifespan of olfactory receptors
2 months
what do basal cells act as?
precursors to new olfactory receptor cells
what forms the olfactory nerve
olfactory receptors
what does the olfactory bulb do?
transmit smells to the brain
what is anosmia
inability to smell
