ENT trauma Flashcards
when would you commonly get nasal trauma
sports, fight, falls
what is epistaxis
bleeding from the nose
what could you experience during nasal trauma
loss of consciousness and breathing disruptions
when assessing nasal trauma, what should you look out for
bruising, redness, swollen, tenderness, deviation, epistaxis, facial tenderness and potential numbness
what would a septal haematoma feel like
spongy and boggy
do nasal fractures require examination
should be a clinical diagnosis
when should one with a nasal fracture present at clinic?
5-7 days post injury
What is the management of a nasal fracture
either nothing, or movement of nose under general or local anaesthetic
what are some complications of a nasal fracture
epistaxis, CSF leak, meningitis and anosmia
if someone turns up to hospital with epistaxis what should you do
resuscitate on arrival if necessary slow blood flow- pressure, ice, topical vasoconstrictor remove clot rhinos copy cautery/ pack nasendoscopy
should you consider sedation in epistaxis patients?
no
should you consider arterial ligation
yes
should you act immediately on a CSF leak
no- it should resolve itself in 10 days, if not, come back
what is a common ear injury rugby players get
pinna haematoma
how do you treat pinna haematoma
sub- perichondria haematoma
aspirate
incise and drain
pressure dressing
how could you acquire a laceration
blunt trauma, avulsion, dog bites, tissue loss
what anaesthetic is a laceration usually fixed under
local
How do you manage a laceration?
debridement, closure of wound, antibiotics for the cartilage
What symptoms may someone with a temporal bone fracture have?
CSF leak, vertigo, injury, hearing loss, facial palsy
What is th most common type of temporal bone fracture?
longitudinal fracture- 80%
what does the fracture line parallel with
the long axis of the petrous pyramid
what type of deafness can haemotympanum and ossicular chain disruption lead to
conductive deafness
what do 20% of people get with a longitudinal fracture?
facial palsy
what type of ‘blow’ causes a transverse fracture?
frontal
what can the transverse fracture cause damage to?
auditory and facial nerves
what kind of hearing loss is most common with a transverse fracture?
sensorineural
what do 50% of people get with a transverse fracture?
facial nerve palsy
what can cause conductive hearing loss
effusion, blood, CSF, stapes fixation, ossicular problem
what structures are involved in zone 1
trachea- oesophagus, thyroid, thoracic duct, vessels,spinal cord
what is involved in zone 2
larynx, hypopharynx, CN 10, 11, 12, vessels, spinal cord
what is in zone 3
pharynx, CN, vessels, and spinal cord
what is the most common zone to injure?
zone 1
what is the second most common mid facial fracture
orbital floor
what sign is evident in a orbital floor fracture?
tear drop
For Le fort fractures, which is the gold standard imaging?
CT
