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ENT > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

where would you find pharyngeal arches

A

face and neck

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2
Q

when do pharyngeal arches develop

A

week 4 and 5

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3
Q

what 4 things do pharyngeal arches contain

A

core mesenchyme derived from paraxial and lateral plate mesoderm

neural crest cells

cranial nerve component

artery

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4
Q

How many arches are there

A

5 (1,2,3,4,6)

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5
Q

What does the mesenchyme control

A

musculature of the face and neck

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6
Q

what controls the skeletal components of the face

A

neural crest cells

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7
Q

where are clefts found

A

in the ectoderm in between the arches

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8
Q

what separates the arches internally in endoderm side

A

Pouches

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9
Q

what nerve arises from the 1st pharyngeal cleft

A

Trigeminal nerve- mandibular and maxillary divisions

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10
Q

which arch does the facial nerve arise from

A

2nd arch

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11
Q

What nerve arises from the 3rd pharyngeal arch

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

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12
Q

Where does the superior laryngeal branch form?

A

arch 4

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13
Q

what arises from 6th arch

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

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14
Q

in the first arch, what 3 things make up the skeletal component in maxillary process

A

maxilla, part of temporal bone and zygomatic process

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15
Q

what is contained within mandibular process (3)

A

incus, malleus and mandible

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16
Q

what muscles arise from the first arch

A

mastication muscles, mylohyoid, tensor tympani and palatini

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17
Q

What is the nerve that innervates the face

A

trigeminal

18
Q

what skeletal components make up the 2nd arch

A

stapes, styloid process of temporal bone and stylohyoid ligament

19
Q

What muscles arise form the 2nd arch

A

facial expression muscles, stapedius, stylohyoid, auricular muscles

20
Q

what nerve supplies the 2nd arch

A

facial nerve

21
Q

what is the skeletal, muscular and nerves that arise from the 3rd arch

A

greater horn and lower part of body of hyoid, stylopharyngeus, glossopharyngeal nerve

22
Q

what muscles would you find in arch 4 and what is their innervation

A

cricothyroid, levator palatini, pharyngeal constrictors- superior laryngeal nerve

23
Q

what muscles arise form the 6th arch

A

intrinsic laryngeal muscle, by recurrent laryngeal nerve

24
Q

what is found in the first pouch

A

middle ear, eustachian tube, tympanic membrane

25
Q

what is found in the second pouch

A

palatine tonsil

26
Q

what is found in the 3rd pouch

A

inferior parathyroid gland, thymus

27
Q

what is found in the 4th pouch

A

superior parathyroid gland, ultimobranchial body

28
Q

what would you find in the pharyngeal clefts

A

external acoustic meatus

29
Q

what happens to the 2-4th cleft

A

forms the cervical sinus which disappears eventually

30
Q

what is an otis placode

A

thickening of the ectoderm which forms the ear

31
Q

what does otic vesicles give rise to

A

inner ear

32
Q

what is the dilated end of the semi circular canal called

A

crus ampullare

33
Q

what is the non dilated end of the mi circular canals called

A

crus nonampullare

34
Q

what is crus ampullaris used for

A

sensory cells for balance, vestibular fibres of VIII

35
Q

what portion gives rise to semicircular canals

A

urtricular

36
Q

what does the saccular portion give rise to

A

cochleA

37
Q

when does the cochlea grow

A

between 6-8 weeks

38
Q

what controls hearing

A

organ of corti

39
Q

what controls balance

A

semicircular canals

40
Q

what does the meatal plug form in month 7

A

ear drum

41
Q

how many proliferations surround 1st pharyngeal cleft

A

3 form arch 1 and 3 from arch 2

ENT (16 decks)

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