Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

how do you diagnose a throat infection

A

throat swab

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2
Q

what would you give for a throat infection

A

NOT ANTIBIOTICS as usually viral

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3
Q

what is the most common throat infection

A

strep pyogenes

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4
Q

what is bacterial sore throat clinically called

A

acute follicular tonsillitis

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5
Q

how do you treat acute follicular tonsillitis

A

oral penicillin (clarithromycin if pen allergic)

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6
Q

what are complications of streptococcal sore throat

A

peritonsillar abscess, sinusitis/ ottis media and scarlet fever

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7
Q

what is quinsy

A

an abscess in tonsil region

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8
Q

what are late complications of streptococcal sore throat

A

rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis

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9
Q

What is diphtheria

A

severe sore throat with grey membrane across pharynx- neurotoxic and cardiotoxic

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10
Q

what is treatment for diptheria

A

vaccine, antitoxin/ supportive and penicillin

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11
Q

what causes thrush/ candida

A

endogenous, white patches on red mucous membrane

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12
Q

how do you treat candida

A

nystatin topically

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13
Q

what is acute otitis media

A

upper resp infection involving middle ear by extension of infection up the eustachian tube

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14
Q

what presents with acute otitis media

A

earache

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15
Q

what is the most common bacterial infection of middle ear

A

haemophilia influenza, strep pneumonia and strep pyogenes

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16
Q

how do you diagnose middle ear infeciton

A

swab of pus if perforated

17
Q

what is treatment for acute otitis media

A

nothing, but if bad amoxicillin or clarithromycin

18
Q

what is acute sinusitis

A

mild discomfort over sinuses due to congestion with viral URTI

19
Q

what does severe pain nd tenderness with nasal discharge indicate?

A

secondary bacterial infection

20
Q

in acute sinusitis where indicated, what should treatment be

A

nothing unless penicillin or doxycycline

21
Q

what is otitis externa

A

inflammation of external ear

22
Q

what are common causes of otitis externa

A

staph aureus, aspergillus niger

23
Q

what would you use to treat a fungal infection of otitis externa

A

clotrimazole

24
Q

what would you use for pseudomonas infection

A

gentamicin

25
how does glandular fever present
fever, enlarged lymph nodes, sore throat, pharyngitis and tonsilitis
26
what causes glandular fever
abstain barr virus, herpes
27
how do you treat glandular fever
bed rest, paracetamol, avoid sport, corticosteroids (sometimes)
28
Which type of herpes simplex virus causes oral lesions
type 1
29
which type of HSV is acquired during childhood
type 1
30
what age group get primary gingivostomatitis
pre school children
31
how do you treat gingivostomatitis
aciclovir
32
what is herpetic whitlow
occupational hazard of dentists and anesthetists
33
how do you prevent herpetic whitlow
use gloves
34
what causes herpangina
coxackie virus
35
what is hand foot and mouth caused by
coxackie virus
36
what is chancre
a painless ulcer
37
where is the most common site of syphilis
genital
38
what is the main symptom of syphilis
painless ulcer