Pathology Flashcards
what is the auditory meatus and the external canal lined with
epidermis- skin (contains sebaceous and ceruminous glands)
what is the auditory meatus and the external canal lined with
epidermis- skin (contains sebaceous and ceruminous glands)
what is lined with columnar lined mucosa
middle ear
what is the nasal vestibule lined with
squamous
what is the nose and sinuses lined with
Schneiderian epithelium- pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium
what is the throat lined by?
respiratory and squamous epithelium
what kind of gland is salivary gland
exocrine
what are the 2 parts to a salivary gland
ductular and acinar
what do peripheral myopeithelial cells look like
flat or cuboidal
what is otitis media
inflammation of the middle ear
how does one get otitis media?
viral
what is cholesteatoma
it isn’t a tumour and doesn’t contain cholesterol. Chronic otitis media and perforated tympanic membrane. Abnormal skin growth.
What happens in cholesteatoma
abnormal lining of squamous epithelium with inflammation
What is vestibular schwannoma
vestibular part of vestibulocochlear nerve within temporal bone tumour
Are vestibular schwannomas sporadic or regimented
sporadic
Are scwannomas normally unilateral or bilateral
unilateral
if schwannomas occur bilaterally what condition should you consider
neurofibromatosis type 2
what are nasal polyps
masses raising from the mucous membrane. Overgrowth of mucosa
What conditions are associated with nasal polyps
allergy, allergic rhinitis, infection, asthma,
If a child is young with nasal polyps what should you consider
cystic fibrosis
what is rhinitis
inflammation of the mucous membrane in nose
what is granulomatosis with polyangiitis
small vessel vasculitis limited to respiratory tract and kidneys
what ANCA do you see in granulomatosis with polyangiitis
cANCA
what is the most common malignant lesion
squamous cell carcinoma
what is nasopharyngeal carcinoma
tumour of nasopharynx
what virus is strongly associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
epstein barr virus
how do you develop laryngeal polyps
vocal abuse, smoking, infection
how do you differ between polyps and nodules
nodules in young women and bilateral whereas polyps are unilateral
what is squamous papilloma and papillomatosis
raising of papillae form surface
what are 2 peaks of incidence ofsquamous papillae or papillomatosis
what is related to papillomatosis
exposure to HPV
what is paraganglioma
non chromatin tumours arriving in clusters around nasopharynx , oral cavity, nose, larynx
is paraganglioma rare or common
rare
Where is a squamous cell carcinoma most likely to be found
head and neck
What are the following stages 1a, 1b, 2, 3, 4a, 4b
1a- one vocal cord
1b- both vocal cords
2- extension into supra/subglottis
3- vocal cord, glottis and minor thyroid involvement
4a- thyroid cartilage, trachea, tongue muscles, strap muscles, thyroid and oesophagus
4b- pre vertebral space, mediastinal structure sand carotid artery
what is sialolithiasis
stones forming in the salivary glands
what is paramyxovirus
virus causing mumps, bilateral parotitis
what is the most common site for all tumours
parotid gland
what is pleomorphic adenoma
most common parotid tumour
what is Warthins tumour
second most benign tumour
What has a strong connection with WArthins tumour
smoking
What is the most common salivary tumour in UK
adenoid cystic
what is lined with columnar lined mucosa
middle ear
what is the nasal vestibule lined with
squamous
what is the nose and sinuses lined with
Schneiderian epithelium- pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium
what is the throat lined by?
respiratory and squamous epithelium
what kind of gland is salivary gland
exocrine
what are the 2 parts to a salivary gland
ductular and acinar
what do peripheral myopeithelial cells look like
flat or cuboidal
what is otitis media
inflammation of the middle ear
how does one get otitis media?
viral
what is cholesteatoma
it isn’t a tumour and doesn’t contain cholesterol. Chronic otitis media and perforated tympanic membrane
What happens in cholesteatoma
abnormal lining of squamous epithelium with inflammation
What is vestibular schwannoma
vestibular part of vestibulocochlear nerve within temporal bone tumour
Are vestibular schwannomas sporadic or regimented
sporadic
Are scwannomas normally unilateral or bilateral
unilateral
if schwannomas occur bilaterally what condition should you consider
neurofibromatosis type 2
what are nasal polyps
masses raising from the mucous membrane. Overgrowth of mucosa
What conditions are associated with nasal polyps
allergy, allergic rhinitis, infection, asthma,
If a child is young with nasal polyps what should you consider
cystic fibrosis
what is rhinitis
inflammation of the mucous membrane in nose
what is granulomatosis with polyangiitis
small vessel vasculitis limited to respiratory tract and kidneys
what ANCA do you see in granulomatosis with polyangiitis
cANCA
what is the most common malignant lesion
squamous cell carcinoma
what is nasopharyngeal carcinoma
tumour of nasopharynx
what virus is strongly associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
epstein barr virus
how do you develop laryngeal polyps
vocal abuse, smoking, infection
how do you differ between polyps and nodules
nodules in young women and bilateral whereas polyps are unilateral
what is squamous papilloma and papillomatosis
raising of papillae form surface
what are 2 peaks of incidence ofsquamous papillae or papillomatosis
what is related to papillomatosis
exposure to HPV
what is paraganglioma
non chromatin tumours arriving in clusters around nasopharynx , oral cavity, nose, larynx
is paraganglioma rare or common
rare
Where is a squamous cell carcinoma most likely to be found
head and neck
What are the following stages 1a, 1b, 2, 3, 4a, 4b
1a- one vocal cord
1b- both vocal cords
2- extension into supra/subglottis
3- vocal cord, glottis and minor thyroid involvement
4a- thyroid cartilage, trachea, tongue muscles, strap muscles, thyroid and oesophagus
4b- pre vertebral space, mediastinal structure sand carotid artery
what is sialolithiasis
stones forming in the salivary glands
what is paramyxovirus
virus causing mumps, bilateral parotitis
what is the most common site for all tumours
parotid gland
what is pleomorphic adenoma
most common parotid tumour
what is Warthins tumour
second most benign tumour
What has a strong connection with WArthins tumour
smoking
What is the most common salivary tumour in UK
adenoid cystic
