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Photosynthesis Test Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Photosynthesis takes ______ energy and converts to _______ energy in the form of carbohydrates and gets rid of oxygen

A

Photosynthesis takes light energy and converts to potential energy in the form of carbohydrates and gets rid of oxygen

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2
Q

How are carbohydrates used in cellular respiration

A

To grow

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3
Q

Cyanobacteria

A

Produces oxygen, ATP and sugar through photosynthesis

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4
Q

Autotrophs

A

Mesophyll cells, where chloroplasts takes place

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5
Q

Transpiration

A

Evaporation of water from leaves

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6
Q

Plants capture as much solar ______ _____ in leaves

A

Plants capture as much solar wave lights in leaves

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7
Q

Green pigment has chlorophyll in leaves and can go through photosynthesis

A

Green pigment has chlorophyll in leaves and can go through photosynthesis

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8
Q

Chloroplasts

A

vacuole/sac contains thylakoids similar to inner folds of mitochondria, chemical reaction takes place

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9
Q

Stomata

A

opens and closes to bring in carbon dioxide and release oxygen

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10
Q

Stomata Process

A

-K ions diffuse out of guard cells
-potassium and water leaves to equal concentration gradient
-the guards collapse
Potassium gets and water gets pumped in
-Guard gets hard and opens
during day (photosynthesis)
-night will close because not photosynthesis

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11
Q

Chloroplasts reproduce on their own. If plant is under sunny environment it can recreate number of chloroplasts

A

Chloroplasts reproduce on their own. If plant is under sunny environment it can recreate number of chloroplasts

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12
Q

stages of photosytnesis

A

-Capture light,
-use it to energize electrons,
-use energized electrons to make atp and reduce NADP to NADPH,
-that atp and NADPH is used to convert co2 and water into glucose,
-gonna have carbohydrates at the end. Plants have to break that down.

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13
Q

Chlorophyll b and other pigments are just helping out and transferring energy to electrons

A

Chlorophyll b and other pigments are just helping out and transferring energy to electrons

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14
Q

Light reactions

A

need light that light produces atp

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15
Q

Carbon fixation

A

takes the atp forms glucose

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16
Q

Photoautotroph

A

uses energy from sun to make own food

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17
Q

Light dependent reactions are the first stage of photosynthesis

A

water molecules split as light energy is absorbed and transformed into energy (ATP NADH)

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18
Q

Calvin cycle is 2nd stage

A

converts CO2 to sugar using energy

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19
Q

Atenna

A

complex light absorbing pigments embedded in thylakoid and capture energy

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20
Q

Reaction centre

A

contains primary electron acceptor

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21
Q

Absorbtion spectrum

A

various wavelengths a substance absorbs

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22
Q

Action spectrum

A

effectiveness of different wavelengths that drive chemical reaction

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23
Q

Light reaction: photoexcitation which photons excite things, ETC, chemiosmosis uses atp synthase to produce atp

A

Light reaction: photoexcitation which photons excite things, ETC, chemiosmosis uses atp synthase to produce atp

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24
Q

Light reaction

A

photo excitation which photons excite things, ETC, chemiosmosis uses atp synthase to produce atp

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25
Q

chemiosmosis

A

uses atp synthase to produce atp

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26
Q

Photoexcitation

A

charge electrons to work. As energy is used it moves down to lower state.

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27
Q

Photosystems

A

Light energy is used to energize electrons. Electrons absorb photon of light which gives energy

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28
Q

Reaction center that has chlorophyll A ..

A

transfers energized electrons to the carrier molecule to ETC.

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29
Q

Why do we water plants

A

water is source of electrons for ETC.

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30
Q

photosynthesis is supplying ______, produces ________ which is waste product we give off

A

photosynthesis is supplying electrons, produces oxygen which is waste product we give off

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31
Q

z protein

A

uses energy from sun to split again to donate electrons to etc to hang on to hydrogen to create gradient

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32
Q

Photosystem 2 oxygen we breathe

A

light harvesting
-donates electrons to etc
-mobile carrier to next component
- Split proteins of water
- vibration
-split water, energize,
-pass to plastequeno,
-electrons picked up by plastesian, photosystem 1, process repeats.

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33
Q

chemiosmosis phosphorolate adp to atp

A

chemiosmosis phosphorolate adp to atp

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34
Q

1 atp is produced for every 4 proton

A

1 atp is produced for every 4 proton

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35
Q

atp puts hydrogen in stroma where it can get pumped back in

A

atp puts hydrogen in stroma where it can get pumped back in

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36
Q

C3 comes from 3 carbon molecule in first step
Takes place when

A

CO2 is abundant
C3 plants open stomata

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37
Q

Photorespiration using oxygen instead of co2

A

Reduces amount of sugar produced
Occurs when rubisco binds with o2 instead of co2

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38
Q

C4 plants found in

A

hot dry environment desert

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39
Q

Unique leaf in C4

A

allows to handle high concentration

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40
Q

Keeps oxygen away from rubisco is which C__

A

C4

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41
Q

C4 Mesophyll cells surround _______ cells

A

Mesophyll cells surround bundle cells

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42
Q

Carbon fixation phospho______

A

phosphoglycerate

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43
Q

Photorespiration phospho______

A

glycolate

44
Q

PEP is

A

an enzyme that only picks up CO2

45
Q

if oxygen is high stomata closes

A

if oxygen is high stomata closes

46
Q

RUBISCO picks up

A

co2 and o2

47
Q

C4 fixation

A

OAA is converted into malate,
- that malate diffuses into bundle cells,
- decarboxylates (loses co2) into calvin cycle

48
Q

If you open stomata water would escape quick because of

A

concentration

49
Q

Solve the problem at night by doing the cycle twice

A

Solve the problem at night by doing the cycle twice

50
Q

CAMStores malate in vaccule, when sun comes up stored malate will release co2 so plant can go through light reaction in calvin cycle

A

Stores malate in vaccule, when sun comes up stored malate will release co2 so plant can go through light reaction in calvin cycle

51
Q

Photosystem 1 water gets split 2 electrons get donated, we get 1 oxygen molecule that’s released by the plant

A

Photosystem 1 water gets split 2 electrons get donated, we get 1 oxygen molecule that’s released by the plant

52
Q

Photosystem 1

A

2 electrons get donated, we get 1 oxygen molecule that’s released by the plant

53
Q
  • to combine sugars we need an enzyme called
A

rubisco

54
Q

Why is Rubisco important?

A

rubisco is in every green plant and responsible for taking co2 out of air and storing it.

55
Q

The calvin cycle is a light independent cycle. Does Not require light

A

The calvin cycle is a light independent cycle. Does Not require light

56
Q

Calvin cycle stages

A

-Carbon fixation grabs carbon
-Reduction phosphorylates takes energy
-RUBP make it again

57
Q

Goal for calvin cycle is to

A

create glyceraldehyde (g3p) which is like a pyruvate

58
Q

Stage of Carbon fixation in calvin cycle

A

-requires water
-carbon dioxide gets picked up by rubisco
-forms 6 carbon molecule gets broken down to 2 3c
-3 carbon dioxides get picked up and end up with 6 PGA

59
Q

Reduction stage calvin cycle

A

-Add phosphate and remove phosphate
-Out of the 6 g3p one becomes sugar and 5 recreate sugar molecules

60
Q

To make a glucose molecule everything is doubled

A

To make a glucose molecule everything is doubled

61
Q

Light reaction photo excitations

A

Photons excite things
ETC and chemiosmosis use ATP synthase to make ATP

62
Q

thylakoid

A

membrane bound, flattened disks,
forms granum

63
Q

Photoexcitation

A

Charge electrons to work
photosystems
Reaction centre transfers energized electrons

64
Q

Why do we water plants

A

Water is source of electrons for ETC

65
Q

Z protien

A

uses energy from sun
donates electrons to etc
hangs on to hydrogen

66
Q

Photosystem 2

A

oxygen we breathe
light harvesting
mobile carrier
splits protiens of water

67
Q

Chemiosmosis

A

phosphorolates adp to atp
1 atp produced for every 4 proton

68
Q

______ puts oxygen in stroma

A

ATP

69
Q

What 3 factors affect photosynthesis

A

Light, temperature, and carbon dioxide

70
Q

Plants can take in so much light because they only have an amount of chloroplasts

A

Plants can take in so much light because they only have an amount of chloroplasts

71
Q

Leaves can take in more light because

A

chloroplasts have own dna

72
Q

Greenhouses can pump co2 in and control amount of ventilation to allow fresh air in

A

Greenhouses can pump co2 in and control amount of ventilation to allow fresh air in

73
Q

Carbon gain

A

Takes in CO2 to take in sugars, and use sugars during cellular respiration

74
Q

Oxygen gain

A

Take in less oxygen than they give off

75
Q

Acetic

A

Allows plants to go through cellular respiration during winter

76
Q

Inputs for photosynthesis

A

light, water carbondioxide

77
Q

outputs for photosynthesis

A

Sugar and oxygen

78
Q

Calvin cycle needs

A

light

79
Q

Photosystem 1

A

makes nadph

80
Q

Process of closed stomata

A

K+ ions and water diffuse out of cell, becomes flaccid

81
Q

Process of open stomata

A

K+ ions and water diffuse into cell, becomes hard and opens

82
Q

Caretenoids

A

yellow orange, hydrocarbon chain and rings

83
Q

Anthocyanins are located in

A

vaccule

84
Q

Photosystems

A

Absorb wavelengths, transfer energy

85
Q

Cuticle

A

Waxy, water resistant, provides protection

86
Q

upper epidermis

A

Allows light to pass through the mesophyll

87
Q

palisade mesophyll

A

Chloroplasts are abundant, location of most of photosynthesis

88
Q

bundle sheath cells

A

form a tightly packed layer surrounding the veins

89
Q

Xylem and phloem

A

water and sugar transport

90
Q

spongy mesophyll cells

A

facilitate the exchange of gases that are essential to the process of photosynthesis

91
Q

guard cells

A

create openings called stomata

92
Q

vein

A

vascular bundle, transport water minerals and carbohydrates

93
Q

Traspiration

A

The evaporation of water from leaves, produces an evaporative cooling effect to prevent overheating

94
Q

Electron source for photosynthesis

A

Water
Photolysis (splitting of water)

95
Q

Electron source for Cellular respiration

A

Glucose
During glucose breaking high energy electrons transfer to ETC

96
Q

Energy carriers for Photosynthesis

A

NADP+
accepts electrons, light independant reactions, photosynthesis 2

97
Q

Energy carrier for Respiration

A

NAD
FAD

98
Q

How do colours affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A

Different pigments absorb different wavelengths
Red and blue absorb efficiently
Green reflects
Yellow and orange less efficient

99
Q

Why does green pigment reflect light?

A

Green gives plants their colour

100
Q

eukariot autotrophs

A

clorophyll with choloplasts
leaves are primary

101
Q

prokaryot autotrophs

A

environmental hazard, ocean freshwater, first organism to use sunlight

102
Q

Chlorophyl a

A

transfers pigmemt

103
Q

chlorophyl b

A

absorb what chlorophyl a cant

104
Q

Non cyclic

A

solar to chemical energy

105
Q
A

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