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Photosynthesis Test Flashcards

1
Q

Photosynthesis takes ______ energy and converts to _______ energy in the form of carbohydrates and gets rid of oxygen

A

Photosynthesis takes light energy and converts to potential energy in the form of carbohydrates and gets rid of oxygen

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2
Q

How are carbohydrates used in cellular respiration

A

To grow

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3
Q

Cyanobacteria

A

Produces oxygen, ATP and sugar through photosynthesis

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4
Q

Autotrophs

A

Mesophyll cells, where chloroplasts takes place

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5
Q

Transpiration

A

Evaporation of water from leaves

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6
Q

Plants capture as much solar ______ _____ in leaves

A

Plants capture as much solar wave lights in leaves

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7
Q

Green pigment has chlorophyll in leaves and can go through photosynthesis

A

Green pigment has chlorophyll in leaves and can go through photosynthesis

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8
Q

Chloroplasts

A

vacuole/sac contains thylakoids similar to inner folds of mitochondria, chemical reaction takes place

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9
Q

Stomata

A

opens and closes to bring in carbon dioxide and release oxygen

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10
Q

Stomata Process

A

-K ions diffuse out of guard cells
-potassium and water leaves to equal concentration gradient
-the guards collapse
Potassium gets and water gets pumped in
-Guard gets hard and opens
during day (photosynthesis)
-night will close because not photosynthesis

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11
Q

Chloroplasts reproduce on their own. If plant is under sunny environment it can recreate number of chloroplasts

A

Chloroplasts reproduce on their own. If plant is under sunny environment it can recreate number of chloroplasts

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12
Q

stages of photosytnesis

A

-Capture light,
-use it to energize electrons,
-use energized electrons to make atp and reduce NADP to NADPH,
-that atp and NADPH is used to convert co2 and water into glucose,
-gonna have carbohydrates at the end. Plants have to break that down.

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13
Q

Chlorophyll b and other pigments are just helping out and transferring energy to electrons

A

Chlorophyll b and other pigments are just helping out and transferring energy to electrons

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14
Q

Light reactions

A

need light that light produces atp

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15
Q

Carbon fixation

A

takes the atp forms glucose

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16
Q

Photoautotroph

A

uses energy from sun to make own food

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17
Q

Light dependent reactions are the first stage of photosynthesis

A

water molecules split as light energy is absorbed and transformed into energy (ATP NADH)

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18
Q

Calvin cycle is 2nd stage

A

converts CO2 to sugar using energy

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19
Q

Atenna

A

complex light absorbing pigments embedded in thylakoid and capture energy

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20
Q

Reaction centre

A

contains primary electron acceptor

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21
Q

Absorbtion spectrum

A

various wavelengths a substance absorbs

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22
Q

Action spectrum

A

effectiveness of different wavelengths that drive chemical reaction

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23
Q

Light reaction: photoexcitation which photons excite things, ETC, chemiosmosis uses atp synthase to produce atp

A

Light reaction: photoexcitation which photons excite things, ETC, chemiosmosis uses atp synthase to produce atp

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24
Q

Light reaction

A

photo excitation which photons excite things, ETC, chemiosmosis uses atp synthase to produce atp

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25
chemiosmosis
uses atp synthase to produce atp
26
Photoexcitation
charge electrons to work. As energy is used it moves down to lower state.
27
Photosystems
Light energy is used to energize electrons. Electrons absorb photon of light which gives energy
28
Reaction center that has chlorophyll A ..
transfers energized electrons to the carrier molecule to ETC.
29
Why do we water plants
water is source of electrons for ETC.
30
photosynthesis is supplying ______, produces ________ which is waste product we give off
photosynthesis is supplying electrons, produces oxygen which is waste product we give off
31
z protein
uses energy from sun to split again to donate electrons to etc to hang on to hydrogen to create gradient
32
Photosystem 2 oxygen we breathe
light harvesting -donates electrons to etc -mobile carrier to next component - Split proteins of water - vibration -split water, energize, -pass to plastequeno, -electrons picked up by plastesian, photosystem 1, process repeats.
33
chemiosmosis phosphorolate adp to atp
chemiosmosis phosphorolate adp to atp
34
1 atp is produced for every 4 proton
1 atp is produced for every 4 proton
35
atp puts hydrogen in stroma where it can get pumped back in
atp puts hydrogen in stroma where it can get pumped back in
36
C3 comes from 3 carbon molecule in first step Takes place when
CO2 is abundant C3 plants open stomata
37
Photorespiration using oxygen instead of co2
Reduces amount of sugar produced Occurs when rubisco binds with o2 instead of co2
38
C4 plants found in
hot dry environment desert
39
Unique leaf in C4
allows to handle high concentration
40
Keeps oxygen away from rubisco is which C__
C4
41
C4 Mesophyll cells surround _______ cells
Mesophyll cells surround bundle cells
42
Carbon fixation phospho______
phosphoglycerate
43
Photorespiration phospho______
glycolate
44
PEP is
an enzyme that only picks up CO2
45
if oxygen is high stomata closes
if oxygen is high stomata closes
46
RUBISCO picks up
co2 and o2
47
C4 fixation
OAA is converted into malate, - that malate diffuses into bundle cells, - decarboxylates (loses co2) into calvin cycle
48
If you open stomata water would escape quick because of
concentration
49
Solve the problem at night by doing the cycle twice
Solve the problem at night by doing the cycle twice
50
CAMStores malate in vaccule, when sun comes up stored malate will release co2 so plant can go through light reaction in calvin cycle
Stores malate in vaccule, when sun comes up stored malate will release co2 so plant can go through light reaction in calvin cycle
51
Photosystem 1 water gets split 2 electrons get donated, we get 1 oxygen molecule that's released by the plant
Photosystem 1 water gets split 2 electrons get donated, we get 1 oxygen molecule that's released by the plant
52
Photosystem 1
2 electrons get donated, we get 1 oxygen molecule that's released by the plant
53
- to combine sugars we need an enzyme called
rubisco
54
Why is Rubisco important?
rubisco is in every green plant and responsible for taking co2 out of air and storing it.
55
The calvin cycle is a light independent cycle. Does Not require light
The calvin cycle is a light independent cycle. Does Not require light
56
Calvin cycle stages
-Carbon fixation grabs carbon -Reduction phosphorylates takes energy -RUBP make it again
57
Goal for calvin cycle is to
create glyceraldehyde (g3p) which is like a pyruvate
58
Stage of Carbon fixation in calvin cycle
-requires water -carbon dioxide gets picked up by rubisco -forms 6 carbon molecule gets broken down to 2 3c -3 carbon dioxides get picked up and end up with 6 PGA
59
Reduction stage calvin cycle
-Add phosphate and remove phosphate -Out of the 6 g3p one becomes sugar and 5 recreate sugar molecules
60
To make a glucose molecule everything is doubled
To make a glucose molecule everything is doubled
61
Light reaction photo excitations
Photons excite things ETC and chemiosmosis use ATP synthase to make ATP
62
thylakoid
membrane bound, flattened disks, forms granum
63
Photoexcitation
Charge electrons to work photosystems Reaction centre transfers energized electrons
64
Why do we water plants
Water is source of electrons for ETC
65
Z protien
uses energy from sun donates electrons to etc hangs on to hydrogen
66
Photosystem 2
oxygen we breathe light harvesting mobile carrier splits protiens of water
67
Chemiosmosis
phosphorolates adp to atp 1 atp produced for every 4 proton
68
______ puts oxygen in stroma
ATP
69
What 3 factors affect photosynthesis
Light, temperature, and carbon dioxide
70
Plants can take in so much light because they only have an amount of chloroplasts
Plants can take in so much light because they only have an amount of chloroplasts
71
Leaves can take in more light because
chloroplasts have own dna
72
Greenhouses can pump co2 in and control amount of ventilation to allow fresh air in
Greenhouses can pump co2 in and control amount of ventilation to allow fresh air in
73
Carbon gain
Takes in CO2 to take in sugars, and use sugars during cellular respiration
74
Oxygen gain
Take in less oxygen than they give off
75
Acetic
Allows plants to go through cellular respiration during winter
76
Inputs for photosynthesis
light, water carbondioxide
77
outputs for photosynthesis
Sugar and oxygen
78
Calvin cycle needs
light
79
Photosystem 1
makes nadph
80
Process of closed stomata
K+ ions and water diffuse out of cell, becomes flaccid
81
Process of open stomata
K+ ions and water diffuse into cell, becomes hard and opens
82
Caretenoids
yellow orange, hydrocarbon chain and rings
83
Anthocyanins are located in
vaccule
84
Photosystems
Absorb wavelengths, transfer energy
85
Cuticle
Waxy, water resistant, provides protection
86
upper epidermis
Allows light to pass through the mesophyll
87
palisade mesophyll
Chloroplasts are abundant, location of most of photosynthesis
88
bundle sheath cells
form a tightly packed layer surrounding the veins
89
Xylem and phloem
water and sugar transport
90
spongy mesophyll cells
facilitate the exchange of gases that are essential to the process of photosynthesis
91
guard cells
create openings called stomata
92
vein
vascular bundle, transport water minerals and carbohydrates
93
Traspiration
The evaporation of water from leaves, produces an evaporative cooling effect to prevent overheating
94
Electron source for photosynthesis
Water Photolysis (splitting of water)
95
Electron source for Cellular respiration
Glucose During glucose breaking high energy electrons transfer to ETC
96
Energy carriers for Photosynthesis
NADP+ accepts electrons, light independant reactions, photosynthesis 2
97
Energy carrier for Respiration
NAD FAD
98
How do colours affect the rate of photosynthesis?
Different pigments absorb different wavelengths Red and blue absorb efficiently Green reflects Yellow and orange less efficient
99
Why does green pigment reflect light?
Green gives plants their colour
100
eukariot autotrophs
clorophyll with choloplasts leaves are primary
101
prokaryot autotrophs
environmental hazard, ocean freshwater, first organism to use sunlight
102
Chlorophyl a
transfers pigmemt
103
chlorophyl b
absorb what chlorophyl a cant
104
Non cyclic
solar to chemical energy
105

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