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Bio > Cellular Resp Test > Flashcards

Cellular Resp Test Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy in motion

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2
Q

Potential Energy

A

Stored energy

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3
Q

Work energy

A

Transfer of energy from one place to another

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4
Q

First law of therodynamics

A

Energy is constant
Energy can’t be created or destroyed
Can convert

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5
Q

Example of first law therodynamics

A

Plants capture sun energy and convert to energy in carbohydrates

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6
Q

Second law of therodynamics

A

Energy can’t be transfered without loss of useful energy
Increases entropy

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7
Q

Entropy

A

Random energy
Can’t do work

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8
Q

Gibbs free energy

A

Some energy is useful and can do work

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9
Q

Exergonic reaction

A

Spontaneous
Involves decrease in gibs free energy

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10
Q

Endergonic reaction

A

Not spontaneous
Involves increase in gibs free energy

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11
Q

Lost energy

A

Thermal energy
Can’t be recovered
Lost heat can keep body temp stable

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12
Q

Sun provides energy to keep cycle going is an example of what energy

A

Lost energy

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13
Q

Bond energy

A

Stable

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14
Q

Activation energy

A

Amount of energy bonds to break reactant bond and get reaction started

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15
Q

Change in energy is heat or enthalpy

A

Change in energy is heat or enthalpy

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16
Q

Net energy relaxed
Extra energy to destablize
Example of a ___ thermic reaction

A

Exothermic

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17
Q

Net thermal energy absorbed
Larger activation
Example of a ____ Thermic reaction

A

Endothermic

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18
Q

Metabolism

A

Fuels mechanical work of cell
Reactant bonds break
Bonds form

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19
Q

Catabolic reaction

A

Breakdown of substances

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20
Q

Anabolic reaction

A

Build complex substances from smaller units

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21
Q

Oxidation

A

Lose electrons

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22
Q

Reduction

A

Gain electrons

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22
Q

ATP ases

A

Decompositionof ATP to ADP
Direct energy

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23
Q

Kin ases

A

Donates phosphate

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24
Q

Function of ATP

A

recycleable
made when needed

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25
Q

ATP is used for

A

pumps, macromolecules, mechanical work, lower activation levels

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26
Q

If glucose bonds brake at same time cells would..

A

fry

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27
Q

Sugar has so much energy that if released it would..

A

catch on fire

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28
Q

Break glucose slowly to preserve energy
same on both side

A

Break glucose slowly to preserve energy

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29
Q

Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP

A

Allows for energy to be released for work (gibs free energy)
Minimize energy loss

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30
Q

Aerobic reaction

A

metabolic pathway
generates ATP using OXYGEN

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31
Q

Substrate level

A

uses ADP as substrate
enzyme will add phosphate

32
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation

A

needs co enzyme
pumps ions to other side of membrane
Carries hydrogen ion

33
Q

Energy carriers

A

NAD low energy molecules
able to do work

34
Q

Stages of aerobic cellular respiration

A

glycolysis
pyruvate
krebs cycle
oxidative phosphorylation

35
Q

Plants use cellular respiration to

A

make flowers and photosynthesis

36
Q

Glycolisis

A

Glucose splits 2-3 carbon molecules (pyruvate)

37
Q

Pyrouvate oxidation occurs in

A

mitochondria

38
Q

Cytochrome protiens

A

electron acceptors
embedded in cristae

39
Q

Hw question
Entropy is always increasing is which law of therodynamics

A

second

40
Q

Hw question
For innitiation of chemical reaction, bonds must

A

be broken

41
Q

Hw question
Change in free energy is in ______ pathway and is negative

A

anobolic

42
Q

Hw question
ATP synthesis is an ______ process that phosphorylates ADP

A

endergonic

43
Q

Hw question
Enzyme affect a reaction by lowering activation energy
same on both sides

A

Enzyme affect a reaction by lowering activation energy

44
Q

Hw question
an enzyme and substrate reaction is ______

A

temporary

45
Q

Pyruvate: Made by ____ and used by the ____

A

Pyruvate: Made by glycolysis and used by the Krebs cycle.

46
Q

2) NADH: Made by ____ and used by _____.

A

2) NADH: Made by the Krebs cycle and used by the ETC.

47
Q

3) Intermembrane H+: The H+ concentration gradient is made by _____ as electrons move down the chain.

A

3) Intermembrane H+: The H+ concentration gradient is made by the ETC as electrons move down the chain. The concentration of H+ in the intermembrane space will increase if the ETC is working.

48
Q

MC
What does the poison ARSENIC affect?

A

Krebs Cycle

49
Q

MC
What does the poison CYANIDE affect?

A

Electron Transport Chain

50
Q

MC
What does the poison Oligomycin affect?

A

ATP Synthase

51
Q

How do enzymes play a role in metabolic processes

A

They allow cells to control energy transformations both endo and exo to ensure they don’t overheat and die from thermal energy that is released.

52
Q

Why is ATP so important?

A

It drives all cellular reactions by providing the energy that is needed. It is also the primary source of free energy in living cells

53
Q

What is the goal of cellular respiration?

A

to capture as much of the available free energy in the form of ATP.

54
Q

What is substrate level phosphorylation?

A

ATP is directly formed. A phosphate containing a compound called phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) transfers PO4 directly to ADP forming ATP

55
Q

Where does glycolysis occur

A

In the cytosol of the cell

56
Q

Glycolosis___ Activation phase which uses ATP molecules. (Endothermic)

A

Glycolysis 1

57
Q

Oxidative and phosphorylation reactions reduce glucose to pyruvate and also produce ATP molecules. (Exothermic)

A

Glycolysis 2

58
Q

Glycolysis 1 summary

A

Phosphorylation of glucose and its conversion to glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate

59
Q

Glycolysis 2 summary

A

Oxidative conversion of glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate to pyruvate and the coupled formation of ATP and NADH

60
Q

Why is the mitochondria so important?

A

It is where the Krebs cycle occurs (in the matrix)

61
Q

Electrostatic gradient importance.

A

Allows ions to move through the membrane.

62
Q

Metabolic rate

A

The amount of energy consumed by an organism in a given amount of time

63
Q

Basal metabolic rate

A

The minimum amount of energy needed to keep and organism alive. This is dependant on age growth and development

64
Q

Explain the correlation between age and Basal metabolic rate

A

As we age our basal metabolic rate decreases which in turn means our metabolism slows down. This can cause things like the freshman 15 in people around the age of 20.

65
Q

Where does lactic acid fermentation occur?

A

Human muscle cells.

66
Q

Why does lactic acid fermentation occur?

A

Your cells cannot get enough oxygen through aerobic respiration so instead they use anaerobic respiration in the form of lactic acid fermentation to allow continuous production of ATP.

67
Q

What is the lactate threshold?

A

The value of exercise intensity at which blood lactate concentration begins to increase sharply. Once reached a burning sensation is felt and exercise is limited.

68
Q

Where does pyruvate oxidation occur?

A

matrix of mitochondria

69
Q

MC
What are the products of pyruvate oxidization

A

2 acetyl CoA 2NADH 2H+ 2CO2

70
Q

Autotroph

A

An organism that makes its own food

71
Q

Heterotroph

A

An organism that cannot make its own food.

72
Q

How much atp is made during cellular respiration

A

38 ATP molecules.

73
Q

Electron Transport Chain Summary

A

Proteinscouple
Electrons pass through from redox reactions
Release Energy
makes atp

74
Q

*Whats happening in the krebs cycle

A

Acytel CoA enters
Binds with 4 carbons
CO2 forms and releases
Cycle continues
Electron carriers deliver electrons to ETC

75
Q

ATP synthase summary

A

Chemical energy stored in the form of ADP
Generates ATP

76
Q

How can we improve metabolic rate

A

Stay active
proteins
Thyroid health

77
Q

*Why do we care about all of this

don’t need to memorize all

A

Energy process
Metabolic rate (pathways rely on it)
Survival (cells tissues organs)
homeostasis (maintains internal body temp)

78
Q

How do enzymes lower activation level

A

Catalysts
co factors and co enzymes, work directly and help catalysts

Bio (9 decks)

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