Photosynthesis Part 2 and Respiration Flashcards
Calvin Cycle Step 1 - Carbon Fixation
What happens and what catalyzes this reaction?
Carbon Fixation
- 3 CO2 molecules combine with 3 5-C compounds (RuBP) to form 6 3-C compounds (3-PGA)
- Rubisco catalyzes this reaction
Calvin Cycle Step 2 - What is consumed and what is produced?
ATP & NADPH Consumption
- ATP & NADPH are used to make G3P - a high energy molecule
- 6 G3Ps are produced
Calvin Cycle Step 3 - What leaves the cycle and what is produced?
Production of Glucose
* One G3P molecule leaves the cycle to be made into glucose
Calvin Cycle Step 4 - What are the remaining FIVE G3Ps recycled into?
Making more RuBP
* Remaining five G3Ps recycled into original 5-C compound (RuBP)
Respiration
- the conversion of chemical energy in food to cellular energy (the reverse of photosynthesis)
Two types of Respiration
Aerobic and Anaerobic
Aerobic Respiration
- Requires oxygen
* In mitochondria
Anaerobic Respiration
- Does not require oxygen
* In cytoplasm
How many steps in respiration?
Three: 1. Glycolysis, 2. Kreb’s Cycle and 3. Electron Transport
Step 1 - Glycoiysis:
- What is glucose broken down into
- Where does this happen
- What does it generate?
Glucose is broken down into pyruvate
- occurs in the cytoplasm
- generates a net 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 Pyruvate
Ja-just remember that glucose is broken down to Pyryvate
Step 2: Kreb’s Cycle - ______is converted to Acetyl CoA
What is released?
What is formed?
How does Acetyl CoA move?
Pyruvate is converted to Acetyl CoA in cytoplasm
* CO2 is also released
* NADH is formes
Acetyl CoA moves from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria (the matrix)
Ja- just remember that the P. word (I’ll make you a word bank) converts to the Ace word (Acetyl CoA-I’ll put this in the word bank)
Step 2: Kreb’s Cycle
What does Acetyl CoA combine with and what does that make?
When citric acid breaks down, what does it release?
For every one glucose, how many turns of the Kreb’s Cycle are yielded?
- Acetyl CoA combines with a 4-carbon compound to make a 6-carbon compound (citric acid)
- Over several steps, citric acid is broken down releasing:
~ 2 molecules carbon dioxide
~ 1 molecule ATP
~ 3 molecules NADH
~ 1 molecule FADH2 - For every one glucose, two ‘turns’ of the Kreb’s Cycle is yielded
Ja - study that the Ace…word combines with a 4-CARBON to make citric acid which breaks down
Step 3: - Electron Transport Chain
Where does it occur?
What are the first two steps?
- Occurs in 4 steps in the inner membrane (cristae) of the mitochondria
- Step 1: High energy electrons from the NADH and FADH2 are passed to a s series of electron transport enzymes
- Step 2: An electron transport chain passes the electrons to oxygen to form water
Ja - high energy electrons pass to electron transport things (enzymes - I’ll put in word bank) and the electron transport chain passes the electrons to form water
Step 3: Electron Transport Chain
What are steps 3 and 4?
About how many ATP are generated?
- Step 3: As some of the proteins accept electrons they pump a hydrogen ion from the inside to the outside.
Step 4: The flow of hydrogen ions back across the membrane through ATP synthase causes the formation of ATP - About 36 ATP are generated
Anaerobic Respiration - cells produce _______ in _________ through glycolysis through these 2 methods
cells produce ATP in cytoplasm through glycolysis through Lactic Acid Fermentation & Alcohol Fermentation
