Genetics - part 2 Flashcards
What does “complex pattern of inheritance” mean?
A complex pattern is when traits are NOT determined by a straight dominant-recessive relationship, such as in incomplete dominance and codominance.
What is incomplete dominance?
Offspring are a mix between two parental varieties.
example - red rose and white rose yield pink rose
What is codominance?
Both traits show at once.
(ex: blood type and cattle and the half and half “zygoates” )
What are multiple allele traits?
- Three or more alleles combine to specify how a genetic trait will be expressed.
- Alleles exhibit both dominance and codominance.
- Example: Blood Type A,B,O
What are red blood cells made up of?
Anti……
and
Anti…..
- Antigens are proteins on the surface of red blood cells - “identifiers.”
- Antibodies are protein molecules in the blood - “protectors.”
Individuals do not produce antibodies for proteins of their own red blood cells.
What determines major blood types?
Antigens determine blood type.
- A codes for Antigen A
- B codes for Antigen B
- AB codes for both A & B
- O coders for Neither
The antigens & antibodies of the mismatched blood react and clump.
Antigens of mismatched blood do what?
The antigens & antibodies of the mismatched blood react and clump.
What is a polygenetic trait?
A trait controlled by TWO OR MORE genes with two alleles for that trait
Polygenic Traits show a wide range of what?
phenotypes
ex. eye color (3 genes) and skin color ( 4-7 genes)
Autosome
autosome - non-sex chromosome
X chromosome
larger chromosome - carries many genes vital to growth and development
Y chromosome
smaller chromosome, genes for MALE characteristics
( Think boY )
Sex Influenced Trait
a trait controlled b a single gene with TWO alleles
the expressions DIFFERS between men and women
example: B = Normal Hair
b = Baldness
Bb - men tend to be bald, females do not
Sex-Linked Traits
traits controlled by genes on X chromosome
Are men or woman more affected by recessive alleles?
guys
