Evolution - II & III Flashcards
What is the adaptation of camouflage?
The evolution of adaptations to allow a species
to blend with its environment.
What is the adaptation of mimicry?
One species evolves to resemble another species.
Can you think of an example?!
What is the adaptation of Antimicrobial resistance?
Drug resistance attained by species of bacteria
ex. bacteria that used to be killed by penicillin
Remember the gross picture!
What is important about stabilizing selection?
It gets rid of extreme expressions of a trait when
the average has a higher fitness
Example: human birth weight
See matching activity on the bulletin board
for more practice!
What is important about directional selection?
Increases the expression of an extreme version of a trait
if that trait makes an organism more fit
Example: Galapagos Finches and drought
What is important about diversifying selection?
(also known as disruptive selection)
It splits population into two groups
(the average is gone)
Example: Northern water snakes
What is important about sexual selection?
It occurs in populations where males and females
differ significantly in appearance.
Example: Peacocks and tail size, color
What is important about separation?
Only when populations are isolated for a
long time will new species evolve.
What is speciation?
When members of a population
change so much that they can no longer produce fertile
offspring with members of the original population.
If the time isn’t long enough speciation will not take place
What is divergent evolution?
A population which is separated and exposed to two different environmental conditions will evolve into 2 different species.
See matching activity on bulletin board for more practice!!
What is adaptive radiation - radial evolution?
A species arrives in a new environment with many uninhabited niches.
(like a new island chain)
Many different species evolve from that common ancestor
Ex: Finches on the Galapagos Islands
What is co evolution?
2 species with dependent relationships
evolve, but remain independent.
Can you think of an example?!
What is convergent evolution?
Similar niches produce phenotypically similar organisms
Example (see bulletin board if you are stuck)
Gradualism
when evolution occurs at a slow, gradual pace
punctuated equilibrium
Long stable periods followed by short, rapid bursts
in the rate of evolution
