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C. Fuller's Biology > Cell Organelles > Flashcards

Cell Organelles Flashcards

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1
Q

Name two types of cells

hint: one is simpler, the other more complex

(evolutionarily speaking)

A
  • Prokaryote
  • Eukaryote
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2
Q

Prokaryote

  1. no ________
  2. most are ________-celled
  3. choose one: simpler or complex
  4. evolutionarily choose one: older or newer
A
  • No nucleus or other organelles
  • Most are single-celled
  • Simpler
  • Older
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3
Q

Is this Prokaryote or Eukaryote?

A

Prokaryote

simpler

older

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4
Q

Eukaryote

  1. has nucleus and other _________________
  2. most are _________cellular
  3. choose one: larger or smaller
  4. possibly evolved from __________
A
  • Has nucleus & organelles
  • Most are part of multicellular organisms
  • Larger
  • More complex
  • Possibly evolved from one prokaryote living inside another
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5
Q

What do you know about Eukaryote cells?

A

Eukaryote

larger

more complex

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6
Q

Cell Membrane

Pho_________bilayer with p_________ & c__________

Selectively p________________

A
  • Phospholipid bilayer with proteins and carbohydrates
  • Selectively permeable
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7
Q

Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm = cytosol + _______________

A

Cytosol + Organelles = Cytoplasm

Cytosol: watery liquid inside the cell
Organelle: structures within a cell that carry out essential cell

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8
Q

Cytoskeleton

_________ network within the cell

A
  • —Supporting network within the cell
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9
Q

Nucleus

contains ______

A
  • —Contains DNA
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10
Q

Nuclear Membrane

double membrane protects the __________________

A
  • —AKA Nuclear Envelope
  • —Double membrane protects the nucleus
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11
Q

Nucleolus

organelle in the _______________________

that puts __________________ together

A
  • —Organelle in the nucleus that puts ribosomes together
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12
Q

Ribosome

makes ________________________

Is it free floating or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum?

A
  • —Makes proteins
  • —Can be either free-floating or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum
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13
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

stores and transports ____________

makes lipids and c __________________

**Rough ER is covered with _____________________

makes p________________ for export

A
  • —Stores & transports proteins
  • —Makes lipids & complex carbohydrates
  • —Rough ER = covered with ribosomes**
  • —Makes proteins for export
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14
Q

Golgi Apparatus

series of flattened stacks of _________________

Modifies protein __________________

Stores and distributes ___________________

Helps produce L______________________

A
  • —Series of flattened stack of membranes
  • —Modifies protein shape
  • —Stores & distributes proteins via vesicles
  • —Helps to produce lysosomes
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15
Q

Centrioles

Made of ________________

Used only during cell ___________________

Makes __________apparatus

A
  • Made of microtubules
  • —Used only during cell division
  • —Makes spindle apparatus – more to come!
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16
Q

Mitochondria

“Powerhouse”

Converts food particles into __________________

A
  • —Converts food particles into useable energy – through respiration
17
Q

Cilia

look like ______________

motion like _____________________

A
  • —Generally in prokaryotes & animal cells
  • —Short, numerous projections
  • Look like hairs
  • —Motion like oars in a rowboat
18
Q

Flagella

look like _________________

motion is ________________________

A
  • —Generally in prokaryotes & animal cells
  • —Longer, less numerous than cilia
  • —Look like tails
  • —Moves in a whiplike motion
19
Q

Vacuole

Storage organelle for what four things?

Typically found in (plants or animals?) ___________________

A
  • —Storage organelle – for:
    • —Food
    • Water
    • —Wastes
    • —Other materials needed by the cell
  • —Typically found in plants - larger in plants
20
Q

Chloroplast

contains ___________ (green pigment)

A
  • —Contain chlorophyll (green pigment)
  • Captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy during photosynthesis
21
Q

Cell Wall

Circle one: (plants or animals) have this

provides _________________________

A
  • PLANTS!!! —Also in fungi & bacteria
  • —Thick, rigid mesh of fibers OUTSIDE the cell’s plasma membrane
  • —Provides protection, support
22
Q

Cell Theory

All living things are composed of ________

A
  • All living things are composed of cells
23
Q

Cell Theory

Cells are the basic unit of s______ & f___________

A
  • Cells are the basic unit of structure and function
24
Q

Cell Theory

Cells come from _______________

A
  • Cells come from preexisting cells

C. Fuller's Biology (19 decks)

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