Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration Quiz Flashcards
ATP Structure
Nitrogen base (adenine). Sugar base (ribose). 3 phosphate groups held together with high energy bonds.
Why are plants green?
The pigment chlorophyll which is present in all plants absorbs every color of light in sunlight other than green. Therefore, green light is reflected and is what we see.
What is chlorophyll’s purpose?
To absorb light energy from the sun
What three factors effect the rate of photosynthesis and why?
Light Intensity: Excites more electrons causing light reactions to happen faster. Amount of CO2: More ingredients to work with and process through cycle. Temperature: Increased temperature accelerates chemical reactions to a degree.
What does ATP do?
ATP carries/stores energy for cell functions
What two processes is photosynthesis made of?
Light-Dependent Reactions (Electron Transport Chain) followed by Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)
Photosynthesis: Electron Transport Chain Specific Process
Energy from sun is passed down the Electron Transport Chain and is stored in the bonds of ATP and NADPH. Light energy excites the electron. The electron moves down ETC.
At end they combine with of NADP+ and ADP, making NADPH and ATP. ATP, NADPH, and H+ leave the grana and go into the stroma for the next stage!
Photosynthesis: Electron Transport Chain - What goes in and what comes out?
Light and water go in. ATP, NADH, and Oxygen come out.
Photosynthesis: Calvin Cycle Process
CO2 diffuses into stroma and 6-C molecules are produced. Energy from ATP and NADPH and an enzyme break the 6-C molecule into 2 3-C molecules (PGA) Each 3-C molecule (PGA) is converted to a different 3-C molecule (G3P). One G3P leaves the cycle to become glucose. The other G3P repeats the cycle.
Photosynthesis: Calvin Cycle. What goes in and what comes out?
ATP and NADH (from ETC) and Carbon Dioxide go in. Sugar (glucose) comes out.
Where does the Electron Transport Chain in photosynthesis take place?
Occurs in the grana (specifically the thylakoid membrane) where the chlorophyll is stored
Where does the Calvin Cycle take place?
The Stroma
Photosynthesis Reactants and Products
Reactants: Carbon Dioxide and Water
Products: Glucose and Oxygen
ATP-ADP Cycle
Energy is released for cell processes when one of ATP’s phosphate groups is removed. ADP is changed back into ATP when a phosphate group is added through broken down good, meaning ADP is recycled.
What processes is Cellular Respiration made out of?
Glycolysis then Krebs Cycle then Electron Transport Chain
Glycolysis. Purpose. Location.
10-step process of splitting the 6-C molecule of glucose in half to form two 3-C molecules called pyruvate. This occurs in the cytoplasm and requires no oxygen, meaning it’s anaerobic.
Krebs Cycle. Purpose. Location. What it Produces.
Make electron carriers NADH and FADH2 to move on to ETC. Located in the Mitochondrial Matrix. Produces a little ATP and releases carbon dioxide as a waste products.
Cellular Respiration: Electron Transport Chain. What is it? What does it make? Where does it occur?
A series of reactions using the electrons and hydrogens carried by NADH and FADH2 in the Krebs cycle. Enzyme ATP Synthase helps to assemble ATP. Makes a ton of ATP as well as water! Located in the inner membrane of the mitochondria (cristae).
Cellular Respiration Reactants and Products.
Reactants: Glucose and oxygen.
Products: Carbon Dioxide, Water, and ATP
Aerobic
Oxygen is present for the process
Anaerobic
Oxygen is not present for the process
What colors of light are best for photosynthesis?
Blue and Red
Grana
Pancake-like stacks of thylakoid membrane
Stroma
Fluid-like substance that fills the space between the grana
Stoma
Small holes or pores in the bottom of a leaf that affect how much air can get into the leaf
Thylakoid Membrane
A network of folded membranes found in chloroplasts (they compose granas)
Mitochondrial Matrix
Fluid-like membrane that fills the space
Cristae
Folds in the inner membrane of mitochondria
