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9th Science > Cell Quiz > Flashcards

Cell Quiz Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell Membrane (Plasma)

A

Animal, Plant, Prokaryote. Controls what goes in and out of the cell.

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2
Q

Phospholipid Bilayer

A

Two layers of fats. The fats are phospholipids with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. Proteins embedded. Composed of many parts that move around freely.

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3
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Animal, Plant, Prokaryote. Give the cell shape. Can move organelles around. Provide structural support for animal cells (who don’t have a cell wall).

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4
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Animal, Plant, Prokaryote. Holds everything in place. Provides a solution for chemical reactions to take place in.

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5
Q

Nucleus

A

Animal, Plant. Protect the DNA that controls the activity of the cell.

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6
Q

Nucleolus

A

Animal, Plant. Inside the nucleus. Make mRNA which make up ribosomes.

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7
Q

Mitochondria

A

Animal, Plant. Structure: Where cellular respiration happens. Breaks down food to release energy. Powerhouse of the cell.

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8
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Animal, Plant. Job: Makes lipids (membranes). Destroys toxins (liver). Regulates calcium (muscles).

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8
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Animal, Plant. Structure: Ribosomes on the surface. Hugs the nucleus. Job: Makes, transports, and modifies proteins.

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9
Q

Ribosomes

A

Animal, Plant, Prokaryote. Make proteins!

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10
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Animal, Plant. Gets vesicles of protein from ER. Vesicles are like mini-carts that transport proteins around the cell. Processes, sorts, and ships protein where needed.

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11
Q

Vacuoles

A

Animal, Plant. Structure: Small and numerous in animal cells. One large central vacuole in plant cells. Job: Storage (water, nutrients, waste, etc.)

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12
Q

Lysosomes

A

Animal. Structure: Contain enzymes. Job: Breakdown dead stuff (food, bacteria, old parts of cells, etc.). Can do programmed cell death (apoptosis).

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13
Q

Cilia and Flagella

A

Animal/Prokaryote. Structure: Cilia - shorter, more numerous, like tiny oars. Flagella - longer, fewer. Job: Cilia - Move fluid across the cell surface. Flagella - move entire cell. NOT in all cells!

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14
Q

Centrioles/Centrosomes

A

Animal. Appear during cell division (mitosis/meiosis). Help cells divide by pulling chromosomes apart.

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15
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Plant. Where photosynthesis happens. Converts energy from sun to energy in sugar.

16
Q

Cell Wall

A

Plant, Prokaryote. Protect and maintain shape.

17
Q

Central Vacuole

A

Plant. Structure: One massive central structure. Job: Storage center.

18
Q

Robert Hook

A

Observed cells in cork. Coined the term “cells”.

19
Q

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

A

Created a powerful microscope and discovered bacteria

20
Q

Robert Brown

A

Noticed that pollen grains in water moved around - motion is calleld “Brownian motion.” Discovered the nucleus.

21
Q

Matthias Schleiden

A

A botanist who concluded that all plants are made of cells.

22
Q

Theodor Schwann

A

A zoologist who concluded that all animals are made of cells.

23
Q

Rudolph Virchow

A

A physician who did research on cancer cells and concluded all cells come from other pre-existing cells

24
Q

What are the three parts of the Cell Theory?

A
  1. All living things are composed of one or more cells. 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism. 3. Cells only come from preexisting cells.
25
Q

Prokaryotic Cells

A

Simple cells that do not have internal membranes or a nucleus. Ex: bacteria.

26
Q

Eukaryotic Cells

A

More complex cells that do have internal, membrane-bound structures. Have a nucleus. Ex: plants, animals, fungi, protists

27
Q

Differences Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells (5)

A

Prokaryotic: No nucleus. No membrane-bound organelles. Division is binary fission. Small and unicellular. Have cell walls made of peptidoglycan.

Eukaryotic: Yes nucleus. Yes membrane-bound organelles. Division is mitosis. Larger unicellular or multicellular. Only fungi and plants have cell walls (made of chitin or cellulose).

28
Q

Similarities Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells (5)

A

Cell membrane. Cytoplasm. Cytoskeleton. Ribosomes. Genetic Information (DNA or RNA).

29
Q

Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells (3 Organelles Plants. 3 Organelles Animals.)

A

Plant cells have chloroplasts, cell wall, and a large central vacuole. Animal cells have centrioles/centrosomes, lysosomes, and sometimes cilia/flagella.

30
Q

What are cells measured in?

A

Micrometers (μm)

31
Q

What are organelles typically measured in? What are the exceptions?

A

Micrometers (μm). Ribosomes and lysosomes are typically measured in nanometers (nm).

9th Science (9 decks)

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