Mendelian Genetics Quiz

Question 1

Somatic Cells

Answer 1

“Body” cells. Diploid.

Question 2

Diploid Cells

Answer 2

A cell containing two sets of chromosomes

Question 3

Gametes

Answer 3

“Sex” cells (egg or sperm cells). Haploid.

Question 4

Haploid Cells

Answer 4

A cell containing only one set of chromosomes

Question 5

Chromosomes

Answer 5

Pieces of the DNA strand located in the nucleus of the cell

Question 6

Homologous Pairs

Answer 6

Pairs of chromosomes - one chromosome from mom (maternal) and one chromosome from dad (paternal)

Question 7

Gene

Answer 7

A segment of DNA that controls for one or many traits. There can be many variations of a gene for a trait, but one person can only have two forms (one from dad, one from mom).

Question 8

Allele

Answer 8

The different variations of a gene. (Ex: for hair color, one for blonde and one for brunette)

Question 9

Dominant

Answer 9

Traits that are always expressed if the allele is present.

Question 10

Recessive

Answer 10

Traits that are hidden whenever a dominant allele is present. Only expressed when both alleles are recessive

Question 11

Homozygous

Answer 11

Refers to allele pair in which the two alleles are identical. Also called purebred. (Ex. AA or aa)

Question 12

Heterozygous

Answer 12

Refers to allele pair in which the two alleles are different. Also called hybrid. (Ex. Aa)

Question 13

Genotype

Answer 13

The genetic makeup of an organism. Ex: AA

Question 14

Genotypic Ratio

Answer 14

The probable ratio of genotypes produced by a cross

Question 15

Phenotype

Answer 15

The external appearance of an organism that is determined by the individual’s genotype. Ex: white flowers

Question 16

Phenotypic Ratio

Answer 16

The probable ratio of phenotypes produced by a cross

Question 17

Karyotype

Answer 17

Method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to the number, type, and size. It’s a visual picture of the chromosome.

Question 18

Hereditary

Answer 18

The passing of traits from parent to offspring

Question 19

Genetics

Answer 19

The study of hereditary

Question 20

Law of Dominance

Answer 20

A dominant allele will express itself over a recessive allele

Question 21

Law of Segregation

Answer 21

When chromosomes separate in meiosis, each gamete (egg or sperm) will receive only one chromosome from each pair. (Ex: If a man has alleles for brown and blonde hair Bb), his sperm cells can contain the allele for brown hair (B) OR the allele for blonde hair (b). Each sperm only gets ONE of the alleles.)

Question 22

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 22

The assortment of chromosomes for one trait doesn’t affect the assortment of chromosomes for another trait (the inheritance of one trait doesn’t affect the inheritance of another trait). Therefore, any combination of maternal and paternal chromosomes could be passe on because homologous chromosomes line up randomly during metaphase.

Question 23

Genetic Cross

Answer 23

Mating of two organisms

Question 24

Dihybrid Cross

Answer 24

Used when finding the possible genotypes for offspring when considering two genes at the same time

Question 25

Gregor Mendel

Answer 25

Austrian monk who used pea plants to learn about genetics. He is known as the “Father of Genetics”. Came up with the three laws of inheritance

Question 26

Mendel’s Experiments Three Main Points

Answer 26

1. Had control over breeding - Mendel used pea plants that typically self-pollinate. 2. Used only purebred plants. 3. Observed “either-or” traits- included pea shape, pea color, and plant height

Question 27

P Generation

Answer 27

Parental generation

Question 28

F1 Generation

Answer 28

First generation of offspring

Question 29

F2 Generation

Answer 29

Second generation of offspring