Cell Transport Quiz

Question 1

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 1

A transport protein acts as a protein channel to help (facilitate) the diffusion of molecules that normally couldn’t pass across the cell membrane. Molecules move down a concentration gradient, from high to low concentration. Glucose and Sodium.

Question 2

Diffusion

Answer 2

The spreading out of molecules across a membrane until they are equally concentrated on both sides of the membrane. Molecules move down a concentration gradient, from high to low concentration. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide.

Question 3

Osmosis

Answer 3

The diffusion of water across the cell membrane. Water molecules move down a concentration gradient, from high to low concentration.

Question 4

Endocytosis

Answer 4

A cell uses energy to important large amounts of materials INTO the cell using a vesicle.

Question 5

Phagocytosis

Answer 5

Cell “eating”. Cell engulfs solids into vesicles and digests them.

Question 6

Pinocytosis

Answer 6

Cell “drinking”. Cell engulfs liquids into vesicles and digests them.

Question 7

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

Answer 7

Particles are taken into a cell by binding to receptors.

Question 8

Exocytosis

Answer 8

A cell uses energy to export large amounts of materials OUT of the cell using a vesicle.

Question 9

Active Transport

Answer 9

Not all substances can move freely into or out of a cell. Some molecules have to be moved against the concentration gradient, from low to high concentration using ATP. Other substances are too big to move through a protein channel, and have to be enveloped or excreted from the cell.

Question 10

Hypertonic

Answer 10

Higher concentration of solutes within the cell compared to the outside environment. Water will move out the cell, down its concentration gradient. The cell shrivels (known as plasmolysis).

Question 11

Hypotonic

Answer 11

Lower concentration of solutes within the cell compared to the outside environment. Water will move into the cell, down its concentration gradient. The cell swells.

Question 12

Isotonic Solutions

Answer 12

Identical water concentrations to what is found in a cell’s cytoplasm. The cell stays the same.

Question 13

Cytolysis

Answer 13

When an animal (and some bacteria) cell swells and bursts or ruptures

Question 14

Plasmolysis

Answer 14

When a cell shrivels due to water exiting the cell

Question 15

Turgor Pressure

Answer 15

Force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall (only in plant cell)

Question 16

Aquaporins

Answer 16

Integral (transmembrane) proteins found in cell membranes of living organisms. Forms a channel to facilitate the rapid movement of water

Question 17

Negative Feedback Loop

Answer 17

A cell responds opposite of the initial change to maintain homeostasis. Ex: body temperature regulation, regulation of glucose

Question 18

Positive Feedback Loop

Answer 18

A cell amplifies the initial change. Promotes change to speed up the effect. Ex: blood clotting, childbirth.

Question 19

Homeostasis

Answer 19

The need of an organism to maintain and regulate constant or stable internal conditions. Much of homeostasis is maintained by the cell membrane controlling movement of things in and out of the cell.

Question 20

Membrane Structure

Answer 20

The cell membrane is made of phospholipids with phosphate heads and 2 fatty acid chain tails. Arranged in a bilayer: Polar heads are hydrophilic. Nonpolar tails are hydrophobic. The cell membrane is selectively permeable.

Question 21

Selectively Permeable Membrane: What is it? What can and can’t get through?

Answer 21

Allows some materials but not all to pass through. Can pass easily: small, nonpolar, hydrophobic, neutral molecules. Can’t pass easily: polar molecules (must go through proteins) and large molecules (must use vesicles)

Question 22

Solute

Answer 22

What gets dissolved (ex. lemonade powder)

Question 23

Solvent

Answer 23

Does the dissolving (ex. water)