Photosynthesis and food chain productivity Flashcards
What is photosynthesis?
The glucose produced in photosynthesis can be converted to what and what does it do?
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and some bacteria use the energy from sunlight to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water
It can be converted to pyruvate which releases ATP by cellular respiration
6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy — C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
How do plants get water?
What type of cells soak up water and how are they adapted?
What is the process of water going through a plant?
The water can be absorbed from the soil by osmosis.
Root hair cells are adapted for this by having a large surface area.
The water travels to the rest of the plant from the root hair cells. Then the water travels up big veins known as xylem to get to the leaves where it is needed for photosynthesis.
How do plants get carbon dioxide?
Carbon dioxide is taken through openings in the lower leaf surface called stomata.
What are the two different stages of photosynthesis?
Light-dependant and light-independent
- Where does the light dependant reaction occur?
- What are the two types of light dependant reactions?
- What is the first step of non-cyclic phosphorylation?
- What then happens?
- What happens to the electrons and what is produced?
- What do the electrons then do?
- What do all of the electrons then do?
- What is the next process that occurs and what happens in this process?
- What then happens with the protons and electrons and what does it help?
- What happens to the electrons that are left?
- In the grana in the chloroplast
- non-cyclic and cyclic
- Photo system ll is hit by a photon of light. This causes it to get excited
- when it is excited 2 high energy electrons are released
- These electrons then pass through an electron transport chain and produces ATP
- The electrons then join photo system l. They are then hit by by a photon of light and get excited
- All of the electrons then move together along the electron transport chain
- Photolysis occurs next. A photon of light hits water and hydrolyses it into it’s two components; 2 electrons, 2 hydrogen protons and molecular oxygen
- The protons join the electrons. This helps reduce NAD to NADH
- They join the photosystem ll
- Where does cyclic phosphorylation occur?
- What is the first step of this process?
- What do the electrons then do?
- What then happens to the photosystem ll?
- What happens to the electrons that are released?
- It occurs where there is a lot of NADPH
- Light hits photosystem ll and excites the electrons
- The electrons then travel to the electron transport chain which produces ATP
- Light hits it and the electrons are released
- Instead of them going to the ETC they go back to the previous ETC and produce more ATP.
- Where does the light-independent reaction occur?
- What are these reactions known as?
- What is produced every cycle?
- What does the cycle start with?
- What then happens to this molecule?
- What needs to happen to this molecule recently made?
- What happens after energy is provided?
- What from the light dependant reaction reduces and what does it provide?
- What then happens to the new molecules and what does this process do?
- It occurs in the grana of the chloroplast
- The Calvin Cycle
- 1 carbon is produced
- Ribulose Bisphosphate (RuBP) which is a 5 carbon molecule
- It is converted int 2x Glycerate 3 phosphate (G3P) which is a 3 carbon molecule
- It needs to be reduced and to do this energy is required which comes from ATP from the light dependant reaction.
- The ATP becomes ADP.
- NADPH is reduced and becomes NADP this provides ‘reducing power’ needed to reduce the G3P into 2x triose phosphates
- They get converted back into RuBP which keeps the cycle going. This process means that a carbon is lost. This carbon can be used to produce useful products
