Photosynthesis Flashcards
List types of
Autotrophs
Plants
Some bacteria (ex: cyanobacteria)
Algae
Origin of
Chloroplasts
Endosymbiosis from cyanobacteria
Evidence of
Endosymbiosis in chloroplasts
Chloroplasts have:
1. their own DNA
2. their own ribosomes
3. a double membrane
They also
4. reproduce independently of cell
Function of
Pigments
Absorb light and transfer energy to electrons
Types of
Pigments
Chlorophyll (a and b)
Carotenoids
List the
Reactions in Photosynthesis
Light Dependent Reactions
and
Light Independent Reactions (AKA Calvin Cycle)
Define
Electromagnetic Radiation
Energy that travels in waves, including visible light
Compare
Absorption, Reflection, and Transmission
Energy can:
- be captured (absorption)
- bounce off (reflection) or
- go through (transmission)
What does each color of light do with chlorophyll?
Red: absorbed
Blue: absorbed
Green: reflected
Identify this structure
Chloroplast
Identify this structure
Granum (pl: grana)
Identify this structure
Chloroplast membrane
Identify this structure
Thylakoid
Identify this area
Thylakoid space
AKA Thylakoid lumen
Identify this structure
Thylakoid membrane
Identify this area/space
Stroma
The location of
Chlorophyll
Embedded in the thylakoid membrane
The location of
ATP synthase
Embedded in the thylakoid membrane
The location of
Light Dependent Reactions
On the thylakoids
Describe what is happening in this image
Red or blue light is being absorbed by the chlorophyll molecules on photosystem II.
Energy is passed to the electrons in the reaction center.
Describe what is happening in this image
Energized electrons from photosystem II pass through an electron transport chain to photosystem I.
This powers the pumping of H+ (protons) from stroma to thylakoid space
Describe what is happening in this image
Light is absorbed by Photosystem I and a high-energy pair of electrons move to NADP+ Reductase, which reduces NADP+ into NADPH.
Describe what is happening in this image
Photosystem II replenishes its electrons by breaking water. One atom of oxygen and an H+ ion are released
2 O -> O2 (gas)
H+ remains in thylakoid space
Describe what is happening in this image
Protons (H+ ions) from thylakoid space are diffusing through ATP synthase into the stroma
ATP synthase spins and produces ATP
Reactants of
Light Dependent Reactions
Water
NADP+
ADP + Pi
Products of
Light Dependent Reactions
Oxygen
NADPH
ATP
The location of
The Calvin Cycle
In the stroma
Outline the process of
The Calvin Cycle
- Fixation: Rubisco combines CO2 with RuBP to make low energy sugar
- Reduction: NADPH and ATP are oxidized and the low-energy sugars are reduced to form G3P
- Regeneration: 2 G3Ps combine to form glucose. 10 G3Ps combine to form 6 RuBPs so that the cycle can continue.
Reactants of
The Calvin Cycle
CO2
NADPH
ATP
Products of
The Calvin Cycle
G3P (to make Glucose)
NADP+
ADP + Pi
Overall equation for
Photosynthesis
6 H2O + 6 CO2 -> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Describe the conversions of energy that occur throughout photosynthesis
- Photosystem II
- Light
- Excited electrons
- Electrochemical gradient
- Mechanical energy (spinning of ATP synthase)
- Chemical energy (ATP)
- Chemical energy (G3P)
- Chemical energy (glucose)
- Photosystem I
- Light
- Excited electrons
- Chemical energy (NADPH)
- Chemical energy (G3P)
- Chemical energy (glucose)
Describe the conversions of matter that occur throughout photosynthesis
Water is broken to form oxygen
CO2 is fixed to make low- then high-energy sugars
