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Mrs. Unger's AP Biology > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

List types of

Autotrophs

A

Plants

Some bacteria (ex: cyanobacteria)

Algae

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2
Q

Origin of

Chloroplasts

A

Endosymbiosis from cyanobacteria

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3
Q

Evidence of

Endosymbiosis in chloroplasts

A

Chloroplasts have:

1. their own DNA

2. their own ribosomes

3. a double membrane

They also

4. reproduce independently of cell

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4
Q

Function of

Pigments

A

Absorb light and transfer energy to electrons

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5
Q

Types of

Pigments

A

Chlorophyll (a and b)

Carotenoids

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6
Q

List the

Reactions in Photosynthesis

A

Light Dependent Reactions

and

Light Independent Reactions (AKA Calvin Cycle)

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7
Q

Define

Electromagnetic Radiation

A

Energy that travels in waves, including visible light

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8
Q

Compare

Absorption, Reflection, and Transmission

A

Energy can:

  • be captured (absorption)
  • bounce off (reflection) or
  • go through (transmission)
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9
Q

What does each color of light do with chlorophyll?

A

Red: absorbed

Blue: absorbed

Green: reflected

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10
Q

Identify this structure

A

Chloroplast

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11
Q

Identify this structure

A

Granum (pl: grana)

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12
Q

Identify this structure

A

Chloroplast membrane

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13
Q

Identify this structure

A

Thylakoid

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14
Q

Identify this area

A

Thylakoid space

AKA Thylakoid lumen

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15
Q

Identify this structure

A

Thylakoid membrane

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16
Q

Identify this area/space

A

Stroma

17
Q

The location of

Chlorophyll

A

Embedded in the thylakoid membrane

18
Q

The location of

ATP synthase

A

Embedded in the thylakoid membrane

19
Q

The location of

Light Dependent Reactions

A

On the thylakoids

20
Q

Describe what is happening in this image

A

Red or blue light is being absorbed by the chlorophyll molecules on photosystem II.

Energy is passed to the electrons in the reaction center.

21
Q

Describe what is happening in this image

A

Energized electrons from photosystem II pass through an electron transport chain to photosystem I.

This powers the pumping of H+ (protons) from stroma to thylakoid space

22
Q

Describe what is happening in this image

A

Light is absorbed by Photosystem I and a high-energy pair of electrons move to NADP+ Reductase, which reduces NADP+ into NADPH.

23
Q

Describe what is happening in this image

A

Photosystem II replenishes its electrons by breaking water. One atom of oxygen and an H+ ion are released

2 O -> O2 (gas)

H+ remains in thylakoid space

24
Q

Describe what is happening in this image

A

Protons (H+ ions) from thylakoid space are diffusing through ATP synthase into the stroma

ATP synthase spins and produces ATP

25
Q

Reactants of

Light Dependent Reactions

A

Water

NADP+

ADP + Pi

26
Q

Products of

Light Dependent Reactions

A

Oxygen

NADPH

ATP

27
Q

The location of

The Calvin Cycle

A

In the stroma

28
Q

Outline the process of

The Calvin Cycle

A
  1. Fixation: Rubisco combines CO2 with RuBP to make low energy sugar
  2. Reduction: NADPH and ATP are oxidized and the low-energy sugars are reduced to form G3P
  3. Regeneration: 2 G3Ps combine to form glucose. 10 G3Ps combine to form 6 RuBPs so that the cycle can continue.
29
Q

Reactants of

The Calvin Cycle

A

CO2

NADPH

ATP

30
Q

Products of

The Calvin Cycle

A

G3P (to make Glucose)

NADP+

ADP + Pi

31
Q

Overall equation for

Photosynthesis

A

6 H2O + 6 CO2 -> C6H12O6 + 6 O2

32
Q

Describe the conversions of energy that occur throughout photosynthesis

A
  • Photosystem II
    • Light
    • Excited electrons
    • Electrochemical gradient
    • Mechanical energy (spinning of ATP synthase)
    • Chemical energy (ATP)
    • Chemical energy (G3P)
    • Chemical energy (glucose)
  • Photosystem I
    • Light
    • Excited electrons
    • Chemical energy (NADPH)
    • Chemical energy (G3P)
    • Chemical energy (glucose)
33
Q

Describe the conversions of matter that occur throughout photosynthesis

A

Water is broken to form oxygen

CO2 is fixed to make low- then high-energy sugars

34
Q
A

Mrs. Unger's AP Biology (16 decks)

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