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Mrs. Unger's AP Biology > Membrane Transport > Flashcards

Membrane Transport Flashcards

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1
Q

<p><em>Components of the</em></p>

<p><strong>Cell Membrane</strong></p>

A

<p>Phospholipid bilayer <br></br>Proteins <br></br>Cholesterol (in animal cells) <br></br>Glycoproteins and Glycolipids</p>

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2
Q

<p><em>Structure of a</em></p>

<p><strong>Phosphospholipid</strong></p>

A

<p>Phosphate group <br></br>Two hydrocarbon chains</p>

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3
Q

<p><em>Properties of</em></p>

<p><strong>Phospholipids</strong></p>

A

<p>Phosphate heads are hydrophilic <br></br>Lipid tails are hydrophobic and can be saturated or unsaturated</p>

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4
Q

<p><em>Structure of the</em></p>

<p><strong>Phospholipid bilayer</strong></p>

A

<p>Phosphates face outward toward extracellular environment and cytoplasm; <br></br>Lipids are sandwiched between phosphates<br></br>More unsaturated fatty acids increase the fluidity of the bilayer</p>

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5
Q

<p><em>Types of</em></p>

<p><strong>Membrane Proteins</strong></p>

A

<p>Integral and peripheral</p>

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6
Q

<p><em>Describe</em></p>

<p><strong>Integral Protein</strong></p>

A

<p>A protein that goes completely through the phospholipid bilayer; must have hydrophobic portion</p>

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7
Q

<p><em>Describe</em></p>

<p><strong>Peripheral Protein</strong></p>

A

<p>A protein affixed to either the extracellular side or cytoplasmic side of the membrane</p>

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8
Q

<p><em>Function of</em></p>

<p><strong>Phospholipid bilayer</strong></p>

A

<p>Fluid-like structure in which proteins and other molecules are embedded; permeable to small and non-polar membranes</p>

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9
Q

<p><em>Function of</em></p>

<p><strong>Membrane Proteins</strong></p>

A

<p>Transport of particles through membrane <br></br>Cell recognition <br></br>Anchoring/attachment <br></br>Enzymes</p>

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10
Q

<p><em>Function of</em></p>

<p><strong>Cholesterol</strong></p>

A

<p>Keeps animal cells fluid over a wider range of temperatures than without them present</p>

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11
Q

<p><em>Function of</em></p>

<p><strong>Glycoproteins and Glycolipids</strong></p>

A

<p>Cell recognition</p>

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12
Q

<p><em>Describe</em></p>

<p><strong>Diffusion</strong></p>

A

<p>Movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration <br></br>Does not require the input of cellular energy <br></br>Continues until dynamic equilibrium is reached</p>

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13
Q

<p><em>Describe</em></p>

<p><strong>Diffusion through membranes</strong></p>

A

<p>Small, non-polar molecules move easily through phospholipid bilayer <br></br>No cellular energy is required <br></br>Particles move from area of high to low concentration</p>

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14
Q

<p><em>Describe</em></p>

<p><strong>Facilitated diffusion</strong></p>

A

<p>Large and/or polar molecules move through specific membrane proteins <br></br>No cellular energy is required <br></br>Particles move from area of high to low concentration </p>

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15
Q

<p><em>Explain</em></p>

<p><strong>Specificity of transport proteins</strong></p>

A

<p>Each transport protein is specific to only one type of particle <br></br>The presence/absence of certain transport proteins determines what the membrane is(n’t) permeable to</p>

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16
Q

<p><em>Two factors involved in</em></p>

<p><strong>Concentration Gradient</strong></p>

A

<p>Diffusion distance (how far particles must travel) and Concentration difference between two areas</p>

17
Q

<p><em></em></p>

<p><strong>Factors that increase the rate of diffusion</strong></p>

A

<p>Increased temperature <br></br>Increased concentration difference<br></br>Smaller diffusion distance <br></br>Smaller particles</p>

18
Q

<p><em>Two types of </em></p>

<p><strong>Transport proteins</strong></p>

A

<p>Channels and carrier proteins</p>

19
Q

<p><em>Define</em></p>

<p><strong>Osmosis</strong></p>

A

<p>The diffusion of water through aquaporins from areas of higher water potential to lower water potential</p>

20
Q

<p><em></em></p>

<p><strong>Aquaporin</strong></p>

A

<p>A protein channel specific to water</p>

21
Q

<p><em>Define</em></p>

<p><strong>Osmolarity</strong></p>

A

<p>Solute concentration of a solution</p>

22
Q

<p><em>Define</em></p>

<p><strong>Hypotonic</strong></p>

A

<p>A solution with a relatively lower solute concentration than solution on the opposite side of a membrane</p>

23
Q

<p><em>Define</em></p>

<p><strong>Hypertonic</strong></p>

A

<p>A solution with a relatively higher solute concentration than solution on the opposite side of a membrane</p>

24
Q

<p><em>Define</em></p>

<p><strong>Isotonic</strong></p>

A

<p>Two solutions on either side of a membrane that have reached dynamic equilibrium</p>

25
Q

<p><em></em></p>

<p><strong>Plants in a hypotonic solution are</strong></p>

A

<p>Turgid</p>

26
Q

<p><em></em></p>

<p><strong>Plants in an isotonic solution are</strong></p>

A

<p>A little wilty</p>

27
Q

<p><em></em></p>

<p><strong>Plants in a hypertonic solution are</strong></p>

A

<p>Very wilty; may plasmolyze</p>

28
Q

<p><em></em></p>

<p><strong>Animal cells in a hypotonic solution </strong></p>

A

<p>Swell; may lyse</p>

29
Q

<p><em></em></p>

<p><strong>Animal cells in an isotonic solution</strong></p>

A

<p>Happy</p>

30
Q

<p><em></em></p>

<p><strong>Animal cells in a hypertonic solution</strong></p>

A

<p>Shrivel</p>

31
Q

<p><em>Define</em></p>

<p><strong>Water potential</strong></p>

A

<p>Water’s ability to move/displace other substances</p>

32
Q

<p><em></em></p>

<p><strong>Which way does water move? </strong></p>

A

<p>From higher water potential to lower water potential</p>

33
Q

<p><em></em></p>

<p><strong>What affects if osmosis will occur?</strong></p>

A

<p>Osmosis is ONLY considered if the membranes are not permeable to other solutes</p>

34
Q

<p><em>Define</em></p>

<p><strong>Solute Potential</strong></p>

A

<p>The decrease of water’s potential due to the presence of solutes in the solution</p>

35
Q

<p><em>Define</em></p>

<p><strong>Pressure Potential</strong></p>

A

<p>The increase of water’s potential due to the pressure exerted on the solution</p>

36
Q

<p><em></em></p>

<p><strong>ΨS=-iCRT<br></br>Explain each part of this formula</strong></p>

A

<p>ΨS is solute potential <br></br> I is the ionization constant <br></br>C is the molar concentration <br></br>R is a constant <br></br>T is temperature (in Kelvin)</p>

Mrs. Unger's AP Biology (16 decks)

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