Genetics Terms Flashcards
Haploid
One full set of chromosomes
Diploid
Two full sets of chromosomes
N number
The number of different chromosomes
2N
Diploid
1N
Haploid
What cells are haploid?
Gametes
What cells are diploid?
Somatic cells
Def Gametes
Sex cells
List Gametes
Sperm (spermatocytes) and Egg (ovum) cells
Def Somatic cell
Body cells
What process? 1N → 2N
Fertilization
What process? 1N → 2N
Meiosis
What process? 2N → 2N
Mitosis
What cells can undergo mitosis?
All cells except gametes
What cells can undergo meiosis?
Only germ cells
Chromosome
A piece of DNA, which contains millions of nucleotide pairs and thousands of genes each
Gene
A segment of DNA within a chromosome that codes for a specific gene product (protein or RNA)
Allele
Different versions of genes
What causes new alleles?
Mutations to genes
Sister chromatids
A pair of identical chromosomes that are formed after DNA replication during S phase; typically refers to the highly condensed versions of the chromosomes that are visible during M phase
Homologous chromosomes
Pairs of similar chromosomes that have the same genes but were inherited from different parents
Chromatin
Loose DNA, found in the nucleus during interphase
