Cellular Respiration

Question 1

List the steps of

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Answer 1

Oxidation of glucose

1. Glycolysis (Investment phase, Payoff phase)
2. The Link Reaction (a.k.a. decarboxylation)
3. The Krebs Cycle (a.k.a. the citric acid cycle)

​Oxidative Phosphorylation

1. The Electron Transport Chain
2. Chemiosmosis

Question 2

Define

Aerobic

Question 3

Define

Anaerobic

Answer 3

Without oxygen

AKA: Fermentation

Question 4

What is the overall formula for

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Answer 4

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O

Question 5

What is this?

Answer 5

Mitochondrion

Question 6

What is this layer?

Answer 6

Outer mitochondrial membrane

Question 7

What is this layer?

Answer 7

Inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 8

What is this space called?

Answer 8

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 9

What is this space called?

Answer 9

Intermembrane space

Question 10

What is this space called?

Answer 10

Cytoplasm

Question 11

What is this?

Answer 11

Ribosome

Question 12

What is this?

Answer 12

Crista (pl: cristae)

Question 13

What is the importance of

Ribosomes in the mitochondria

Answer 13

Evidence of endosymbiosis

Question 14

What is the importance of

Cristae

Answer 14

Increases surface area to volume ratio -

-Makes more surface on which oxidative phosphorylation can occur

-Reduces volume of intermembrane space to allow H+ concentration gradient to accummulate faster

Question 15

Location of

Glycolysis

Answer 15

cytoplasm

Question 16

Reactants of

Glycolysis

Answer 16

Glucose

NAD+, ATP (2), ADP (4)

Question 17

Products of

Glycolysis

Answer 17

2 pyruvic acid

NADH, 2 ADP, 4 ATP

Question 18

Describe

Glycolysis

Answer 18

1. Energy investment phase: 2 ATP oxidized to reduce glucose to two high-energy molecules
2. Energy payoff phase: High-energy intermediates oxidized to form 2 pyruvate; 4 ATP are produced

Question 19

Location of

The Link Reaction & Krebs Cycle

Answer 19

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 20

Reactants of

The Link Reaction

Answer 20

Pyruvate (3-C molecule)

Coenzyme A, NAD+

Question 21

Products of

The Link Reaction

Answer 21

Acetyl CoA (2-C)

CO₂ and NADH

Question 22

Reactants of

The Krebs Cycle

Answer 22

Acetyl CoA (2-C)

NAD+, ADP, and FAD

Question 23

Products of

The Krebs Cycle

Answer 23

2 CO₂

NADH, ATP, and FADH₂

Question 24

Describe the process of

The Link Reaction & Krebs Cycle

Answer 24

Link Reaction:

• Pyruvate is oxidized into two-carbon acetyl group (attached to coenzyme A) and CO₂
• NAD+ reduced to NADH

Krebs Cycle:

• Acetyl CoA fully oxidized to two CO₂ and coenzyme A is released
• 3 NAD+ and 1 FAD are reduced to 3 NADH and 1 FADH₂
• 1 ATP formed

Question 25

Steps of

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 25

1. Electron Transport Chain

2. Chemiosmosis

Question 26

Location of

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 26

ETC and enzymes on inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 27

Reactants of

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 27

O₂

(final electron acceptor)

NADH and FADH₂

(Source of electrons)

Question 28

Products of

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 28

H₂O

NAD+ and FAD

Question 29

Describe the process of

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 29

Electron Transport Chain:

• NADH and FADH₂ oxidized to NAD+ and FAD
• High energy electrons (from carriers) move through ETC
• Electron movement is coupled with the pumping of H+ from matrix to intermembrane space
• Electrons and H+ bind to O₂ to form H₂O

Chemiosmosis:

• H+ from intermembrane space flow through ATP synthase
• Movement of ATP synthase provides energy to condense ADP and phosphate group

Question 30

How much ATP is made during each phase of aerobic cellular respiration?

Answer 30

Per glucose molecule:

Glycolysis: 2

Link Reaction: 0

Krebs Cycle: 2 (1 per pyruvate)

ETC/Chemiosmosis: ~34 (varies)

Total: Between 30 - 40 ATP