Photosynthesis

Question 1

The role of autotrophs and the two different kinds

Answer 1

Use inorganic Carbon as Carbon source, fix Carbon into organic compound (inorganic carbon CO2 to usable cellular form)
Photoautotrophs: use light energy to fix C (photosynthesis)
Chemoautotrophs: use redox energy (bacteria)

Question 2

The role of heterotrophs and the two different kinds

Answer 2

Use organic carbon as carbon & energy source
Chemoheterotrophs: use organic as main nutrient (humans)
Photoheterotrophs: use light energy & organic carbon (prokaryotes)

Question 3

Site of the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 3

Stroma

Question 4

How many membranes in the chloroplasts

Answer 4

Double membrane

Question 5

Overall reaction of photosynthesis

Answer 5

6CO2+6H2O+light = C6H12O6 + O2

Question 6

Is Carbon in CO2 oxidized or reduced?

Answer 6

oxidized

Question 7

Where do light reactions occur

Answer 7

Thylakoids

Question 8

Is the Calvin cycle light dependent

Answer 8

No, light independent

Question 9

What is the point of light reactions

Answer 9

Convery light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP & NADPH; used to power Calvin cycle

Question 10

What converts light energy into chemical energy

Answer 10

The photosystems

Question 11

Where are the photosystems located

Answer 11

Thylakoid membrane

Question 12

What is photolysis

Answer 12

When the energy absorbed by pigments (chlorophyll) in Photosystem II is used to split water (H2O to O2)

Question 13

What is the energy conversion in Photosystem II?

Answer 13

Light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of an excited electron

Question 14

What is the electron transport chain?

Answer 14

Series of redox reactions that slowly release energy. Exists btw PII and PI

Question 15

Is NADPH the oxidized or reduced form

Answer 15

reduced

Question 16

Energy conversion in ETC?

Answer 16

Energy is released from redox reactions as the electron is passed down the chain, it is used to pump H+ into the thylakoid lumen (the inside)

Question 17

Energy conversion in Photosystem I?

Answer 17

Excited electron is used to reduce NADP+

Question 18

What is Chemiosmosis (photophosphorylation)

Answer 18

Formation of ATP using ATP synthase powered by H+ gradient created by the photosystems

Question 19

What is ATP synthase

Answer 19

An enzyme that catalyzes (accelerates) the formation of ATP during chemiosmosis

Question 20

Energy conversion in Chemiosmosis

Answer 20

Energy in H+ gradient powers ATP formation

Question 21

What is NADPH?

Answer 21

An electron carrier between redox reactions (ie. from light reaction to calvin cycle)

Question 22

Point of the Calvin cycle?

Answer 22

Convert CO2 to sugar (fix carbon)

Question 23

How many times does the Calvin cycle turn to produce one molecule of G3P

Answer 23

3 times

Question 24

What enzyme fixes Carbon

Answer 24

Rubisco

Question 25

How many G3Ps in 1 Glucose

Answer 25

two

Question 26

What is G3P

Answer 26

Glyceraldehydge 3 phosphate

Question 27

Three phases of the Calvin cycle?

Answer 27

Carbon fixation -> Reduction ->Regeneration

Question 28

What is the product of the Calvin cycle

Answer 28

G3P

Question 29

How many CO2s need to enter the Calvin cycle to produce 1 G3P

Answer 29

three

Question 30

Reaction of Rubisco

Answer 30

RuBP (5C’s) + CO2 -> 6Cs

Question 31

Overall reaction of the calvin cycle?

Answer 31

3CO2+9ATP+6NADPH -> 1G3P+9ADP+9Pi+6NADP+6H

Question 32

What is the point of the Cyclic electron flow

Answer 32

Make ATP without making NADPH to balance needs of Calvin cycle w supply from light reactions.
Regulated by concentration ATP (increase ADP=decrease ATP)
Electron keeps going back into ETC