Classification of Organisms + Chemical Bonds and Macromolecules

Question 1

What are bacteria and archae

Answer 1

Unicellular prokaryotes of the domain Monera with no membrane bound organelles

Question 2

Characteristics of archae

Answer 2

Extremophiles, phospholipid membrane, DNA based genome

Question 3

Characteristics of Bacteria

Answer 3

DNA based genome, metabolically diverse, human symbiont, peptidoglycan
Ex. E Coli

Question 4

Characteristics of Eukarya

Answer 4

Membrane bound organelles, unicellular or multicellular, structural diversity
Ex. Yeast

Question 5

Polymer synthesis _______ (requires/releases) energy, a product of this reaction is ___.

Answer 5

1. requires

2. H2O

Question 6

Polymer breakdown _______ (requires/releases) energy, a reactant in this reaction is ___.

Answer 6

1. releases

2. h2o

Question 7

Function and structure of Carbohydrates

Answer 7

energy storage, cell structure, cell-cell recognition

Question 8

Types of bonds in Dissacharides

Answer 8

Glycosidic (covalent bond)

Question 9

Starch and Glycogen are _________ polysaccharides and their function is _________________.

Answer 9

1. nutritional

2. energy storage in plants and animals, respectively

Question 10

Cellulose and Chitin are _________ polysaccharides and their found in __________________.

Answer 10

1. structural

2. plant cell wall, insect exoskeleton, respectively

Question 11

Difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 11

Saturated: C-C single bonds
Unsaturated: C=C double bonds, cause kinks

Question 12

Are fats a true polymer

Answer 12

No

Question 13

Lipids are hydrophobic, what does that mean?

Answer 13

Aggregate away from water

Question 14

Define amphipathic

Answer 14

Have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains (phospholipids)

Question 15

Functions of steroids

Answer 15

Lipids based on cholesterol, hormones (estrogen/testosterone), membrane fluidity in animals

Question 16

What are proteins

Answer 16

Polymers of amino acids

Question 17

The variable group R on proteins can be….

Answer 17

1. non-polar R=CH
2. polar R=OH or SH
3. polar charged acidic R=COO
4. polar charged basic R=NH3

Question 18

What structure dictates protein folding?

Answer 18

primary structure, and folding dictates function

Question 19

What are chaperones

Answer 19

proteins that assist in folding of other proteins

Question 20

Function of nucleic acids

Answer 20

store & transmit hereditary information

Question 21

Does DNA contain an OH group?

Answer 21

No

Question 22

Explain the basic structure of a nucleotide

Answer 22

5C sugar (ribose), nitrogenous base, phosphate

Question 23

What are the pyrimidines and what are the purines

Answer 23

Pyrimidines: single ringed base, T,C,U
Purines: double ringed base, A,G