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Biology 107 > Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What is cellular metabolism

A

the sum of all chemical reactions in a cell

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2
Q

Point of cellular respiration?

A

Convert energy stored in glucose to ATP

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3
Q

Order of the three phases?

A

Glycolysis -> Citric acid cycle -> oxidative phosphorylation

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4
Q

Where does Glycolysis occur

A

In the cytoplasm (anaerobic)

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5
Q

What is the point of Glycolysis

A

Begin oxidation of Glucose

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6
Q

First reaction of Glycolysis?

A

Hexokinase (addition of inorganic Pi from ATP makes glucose more reactive)

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7
Q

Third reaction of Glycolysis?

A

Phosphofructokinase (another ATP required to phosphorylate the sugar)

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8
Q

Meaning of phosphorylate?

A

Introduce a phosphate group into a molecule

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9
Q

What happens after phosphofructokinase?

A

Glucose is split into 2x3C (G3P)

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10
Q

Two phases of Glycolysis?

A

Energy investment (Hexokinase & phosphofructokinase) and energy payoff

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11
Q

First step of energy payoff phase?

A

NADH is produced from NAD+ (organic C has been partially oxidized)

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12
Q

The first reactions of the energy payoff phase occur __ times each

A

two

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13
Q

What is substrate level phosphorylation?

A

When energy for ATP synthesis comes from the dephosphorylating of a substrate (losing P)

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14
Q

How many ATP does Glycolysis provide per Glucose?

A

Two (2 used, 4 produced)

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15
Q

How many NADH are produced per Glucose in Glycolysis

A

two

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16
Q

What is the product of Glycolysis?

A

Pyruvate (3C)

17
Q

What is the site of cellular respiration?

A

Mitochondria

18
Q

How many times does Glycolysis happen per glucose?

A

twice

19
Q

Pyruvic acid is _______ into Acetyle CoA by ________ when pyruvate enters the ___________ because otherwise it is ____________.

A
  1. oxidized
  2. Coenzyme A
  3. mitochondria
  4. impermeable
20
Q

How many carbons in acetyl CoA

A

two

21
Q

Point of Krebs/Citric acid cycle?

A

Complete oxidation of glucose (CH -> CO2)

22
Q

Where does the Krebs cycle occur?

A

In the matrix

23
Q

What is FADH2?

A

Another type of electron carrier (lower energy electrons than NADH)

24
Q

How many times does the Krebs cycle turn per Glucose?

A

Twice

25
Q

How many ATC are produced by the Krebs cycle?

A

Two

26
Q

What is the strongest oxidizing agent?

A

oxygen

27
Q

What happens at the end of the electron transport chain?

A

Oxygen is reduced (O2 -> H2O)

28
Q

What is Chemiosmosis

A

Synthesis of ATP using an H+ gradient

29
Q

Where does the energy for chemiosmosis come from (difference btw Photosynthesis and Cell Resp)

A

In photosynthesis: energy for H+ gradient comes from light (Photophosphorylation)
In Cell resp: energy for H+ gradient comes from redox reactions: glucose (oxidative phosphorylation)

30
Q

When does fermentation occur

A

O2 depleted in environmen

31
Q

What is the point of fermentation?

A

recycle NAD+ for continued glycolysis in the absence of TEA (oxygen)

32
Q

How many ATP does fermentation produce per glucose?

A

two

33
Q

How does pyruvates role change during fermentation?

A

Acts as an electron acceptor to free up NAD+

34
Q

How is pyruvate a “decision point”?

A

It decides whether or not to enter mitochondria, dependent on presence of O2

35
Q

What happens when there’s no sugars available?

A

Secondary source of nutrients is fats (enter Krebs as 2C acetyl CoA)
Tertiary source of nutrients is proteins

36
Q

What are the two inhibitors of Cellular Respiration?

A

ATP: when there’s enough ATP, ATP will bind yo phosphofructokinase and cause a change in shape of the enzyme
Citrate: too much acetyl CoA, citrate inhibits PFK

Biology 107 (10 decks)

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