Intro to Metabolism and Energy

Question 1

Define metabolism

Answer 1

all of a cells chemical reactions

Question 2

Reactions that require energy to organize the cell are ________. An example would be __________.

Answer 2

1. anabolic

2. DNA replication

Question 3

What is catabolism, give an example

Answer 3

Reactions that release energy from breakdown of nutrients (cellular respiration)

Question 4

What energy is used to drive anabolic reactions

Answer 4

Energy from catabolic reactions

Question 5

What are the two laws of thermodynamics?

Answer 5

1. Energy can not be created nor destroyed, only converted/transformed
2. Entropy (randomness/disorder) of the universe is always increasing (disorder up=stability up)

Question 6

Spontaneous reactions are _______ (endergonic/exergonic), which means energy is ________ (released/required) and Gibbs free energy is _________ (negative/positive).

Answer 6

1. exergonic
2. released
3. negative

Question 7

What is ATP

Answer 7

• Adenosine triphosphate
• RNA nucleotide
• major source of energy in cells
• energy currency

Question 8

What is Pi

Answer 8

inorganic phosphate (PO4)

Question 9

Formula of ATP hydrolysis

Answer 9

ATP=ADP+Pi

Question 10

Where is energy stored

Answer 10

Phosphate bonds

Question 11

When the third phosphate is removed from ATP to form ADP, energy is _______.

Answer 11

released (exergonic)

Question 12

Why does ATP store energy

Answer 12

the third phosphate

Question 13

Do enzymes change Gibbs free energy?

Answer 13

no, they only lower the activation energy

Question 14

What do enzymes end in?

Answer 14

-ase

Question 15

What binds to enzymes active sites

Answer 15

Substrates

Question 16

What is induced fit in catalysis

Answer 16

When an enzyme changes its shape slightly to accommodate a substrate

Question 17

Can enzymes be reused

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

How do enzymes lower activation energy of a reaction

Answer 18

Bring reactants close together, active site has favorable environment for rxns, physically stress bonds to be broken, covalently bind to a substrate, place substrate in correct orientation

Question 19

Two types of enzyme inhibitors

Answer 19

Competitive and non-competitive (musical chairs)

Question 20

Define a competitive enzyme inhibitor

Answer 20

Binds to active site but does not participate in the reaction, can be outcompeted by high amounts of substrate

Question 21

Define non-competitive enzyme inhibitors

Answer 21

Binds a site on the enzyme that is not the active site, blocks enzyme activity, changes shape of active site (breaks chair)