Photosynthesis Flashcards
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light + chlorophyll → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Where does photosynthesis occur in the cell?
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of the cell.
What are the two stages of photosynthesis?
The Light Stage (light-dependent) and the Dark Stage (light-independent).
Describe the location and requirement of the light stage.
The light stage occurs in the grana of chloroplasts and requires light. No enzymes are involved.
How is sunlight used in the light stage?
Sunlight is absorbed by pigments in the grana, and the energy is transferred to chlorophyll at the reaction center, transferring energy to an electron.
What is Pathway I in the light stage?
Pathway I (Cyclic Photophosphorylation): High-energy electrons move in a cycle back to chlorophyll, releasing energy used to make ATP from ADP and P.
What is Pathway II in the light stage?
Pathway II (Non-Cyclic Photophosphorylation): High-energy electrons combine with NADP⁺ to form NADP⁻, which then binds with H⁺ to create NADPH.
What is photolysis + equation?
Photolysis is the splitting of water into electrons, H⁺ ions, and oxygen (H₂O → 2H⁺ + 2 electrons + ½O₂).
Where do the products of photolysis go?
Electrons go to chlorophyll, H⁺ ions go to the proton pool, and oxygen is released as a byproduct.
Where does the dark stage occur, and does it need light?
The dark stage occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts and does not require light.
What controls the dark stage?
The dark stage is controlled by enzymes.
Describe the main process of the dark stage.
Carbon dioxide is reduced to glucose by gaining electrons and H⁺ ions, supplied by NADPH, while energy from ATP is used.
What are the main products of the light stage?
NADPH, ATP, and Oxygen.
What are the main products of the dark stage?
ADP, P, NADP⁺, and C₆H₁₂O₆ (glucose).
