Photosynthesis

Question 1

What is an autotroph

Answer 1

an organism which produces their own nutrition

Question 2

what is a heterotroph

Answer 2

organisms that consume others for nutrition

Question 3

what is the equation for photosynthesis

Answer 3

carbon dioxide + water —> oxygen + glucose+ energy

Question 4

name accessory pigments

Answer 4

chlorophyll B and carotene

Question 5

Where does the light independent reaction take place

Answer 5

stroma

Question 6

what properties make ATP a good energy source

Answer 6

releases manageable amounts of energy so little is wasted, soluble so easily transported, easily broken down, transfer energy by transferring a phosphate group, cant move out of cell so cell has an immediate source of energy

Question 7

what is it called when the rate of photosynthesis matches the rate of respiration

Answer 7

the compensation point

Question 8

what enzyme catalyses the synthesis of ADP to ATP

Answer 8

ATP synthase

Question 9

what is phosphorylation

Answer 9

adding a phosphate group to a molcule

Question 10

what reaction occurs and what enzyme aids the breakdown of ATP

Answer 10

hydrolysis, ATPase

Question 11

give the structure of a chloroplast

Answer 11

double membrane, thylakoids which are stacked into structures called grana, grana linked by lamellae

Question 12

what photosynthetic pigments are found in chloroplasts and where are they found

Answer 12

chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotene found in the thylakoid membranes

Question 13

what is the name for a pigment attached to a protein

Answer 13

photosystem

Question 14

what are primary pigments

Answer 14

reaction centres where electrons are excited during the light dependant reaction

Question 15

what are accessory pigments

Answer 15

surround reaction centres to form the light harvesting system and transfer light energy to boost the electron excitiement

Question 16

label a diagram of a chloroplast

Question 17

where is chloroplast DNA found

Answer 17

stroma

Question 18

what coenzyme is used in photosynthesis

Answer 18

NADP

Question 19

what does NADP do

Answer 19

transfers hydrogen from one molecule to another

Question 20

where does the light-dependant reaction take place

Answer 20

thylakoid membranes

Question 21

where does the light independent reaction take place

Answer 21

stroma

Question 22

what is the light absorbed by photosystems used to do in the light dependant reaction

Answer 22

making ATP from ADP (photophosphorylation)
Making reduced NADP from NADP
splitting water into protons, electrons and water (photolysis)

Question 23

how is a hexose sugar made

Answer 23

by joining two triphosphate groups together

Question 24

how does temperature affect photosynthesis

Answer 24

enzymes denature
stomatal close to avoid loss of water, less CO2
thylakoids may be damaged reduce rate off LD reaction by reducing number of sites for electron transfer
membrane around chloroplast may be damaged causing enzymes like RuBisCO to be released into the cell
chlorophyll could be damaged, reducing amount of pigment that can absorb light energy

Question 25

how do limiting factors affect the Calvin cycle

Answer 25

light intensity- if low products of LD reaction are limited, conversion from GP to TP and Rub will be slow, level of GP will rise as not being used up, levels of TP and RuBP lower a snot being regenerated
temp- reactions will be slower as catalysed by enzymes which would denature
CO2 conc- low CO2 conversion of RuBP to GP is slow level of RuBP rises levels of TP and GP fall as not remade