Photosynthesis Flashcards
What is an autotroph
an organism which produces their own nutrition
what is a heterotroph
organisms that consume others for nutrition
what is the equation for photosynthesis
carbon dioxide + water —> oxygen + glucose+ energy
name accessory pigments
chlorophyll B and carotene
Where does the light independent reaction take place
stroma
what properties make ATP a good energy source
releases manageable amounts of energy so little is wasted, soluble so easily transported, easily broken down, transfer energy by transferring a phosphate group, cant move out of cell so cell has an immediate source of energy
what is it called when the rate of photosynthesis matches the rate of respiration
the compensation point
what enzyme catalyses the synthesis of ADP to ATP
ATP synthase
what is phosphorylation
adding a phosphate group to a molcule
what reaction occurs and what enzyme aids the breakdown of ATP
hydrolysis, ATPase
give the structure of a chloroplast
double membrane, thylakoids which are stacked into structures called grana, grana linked by lamellae
what photosynthetic pigments are found in chloroplasts and where are they found
chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotene found in the thylakoid membranes
what is the name for a pigment attached to a protein
photosystem
what are primary pigments
reaction centres where electrons are excited during the light dependant reaction
what are accessory pigments
surround reaction centres to form the light harvesting system and transfer light energy to boost the electron excitiement
label a diagram of a chloroplast
where is chloroplast DNA found
stroma
what coenzyme is used in photosynthesis
NADP
what does NADP do
transfers hydrogen from one molecule to another
where does the light-dependant reaction take place
thylakoid membranes
where does the light independent reaction take place
stroma
what is the light absorbed by photosystems used to do in the light dependant reaction
making ATP from ADP (photophosphorylation)
Making reduced NADP from NADP
splitting water into protons, electrons and water (photolysis)
how is a hexose sugar made
by joining two triphosphate groups together
how does temperature affect photosynthesis
enzymes denature
stomatal close to avoid loss of water, less CO2
thylakoids may be damaged reduce rate off LD reaction by reducing number of sites for electron transfer
membrane around chloroplast may be damaged causing enzymes like RuBisCO to be released into the cell
chlorophyll could be damaged, reducing amount of pigment that can absorb light energy
how do limiting factors affect the Calvin cycle
light intensity- if low products of LD reaction are limited, conversion from GP to TP and Rub will be slow, level of GP will rise as not being used up, levels of TP and RuBP lower a snot being regenerated
temp- reactions will be slower as catalysed by enzymes which would denature
CO2 conc- low CO2 conversion of RuBP to GP is slow level of RuBP rises levels of TP and GP fall as not remade
