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Plant Biology > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

What does life depend on?

A

light energy from sun thru photosynthesis

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2
Q

what is the conversion of photosynthesis?

A

light energy to chemical energy (carbohydates)

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3
Q

Yes or No

Is photosynthesis efficient?

A

No

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4
Q

What can photosynthesis can carry out?

A

both photosynthetic and respiration process

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5
Q

what does organisms require?

A

constant input of energy to offset entropy

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6
Q

what are the two major metabolic pathways used to acquire energy?

A
  1. respiration (heterotrophs/autotrophs)
  2. photosynthesis (autotrophs)
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7
Q

What happens in photosynthesis?

A

transforms light energy into usable energy in ATP or NADPH (in light or light-dependent reactions) then later stored in the chemical bonds of carbohydrates during carbon fixation or light-independent reactions

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8
Q

What are the photosynthetic reactants?

A
  1. light (energy source)
  2. water (electron donor - oxidized)
  3. CO2 is reduced (e- acceptor)
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9
Q

What are the photosynthetic products?

A
  1. Carbohydrates (sugars)
  2. oxygen
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10
Q

what plant is the most evolved?

A

angiosperms

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11
Q

what structure has optimized light capture and gas exchange?

A

leaves

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12
Q

how do leaves optimize light capture and gas exchange?

A
  • thin cross-section
  • flat surface
  • cell organization that maximizes light capture
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13
Q

what is the most active photosynthetic tissue?

A

mesophyll cells of leaves (palisade/spongy)

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14
Q

what does mesophyll cells contain?

A

chloroplasts

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15
Q

what does chloroplasts contain?

A

chlorophyll

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16
Q

what are chlorophyll?

A

light absorbing green pigments

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17
Q

what to examine to understand photosynthetic process?

A
  1. Nature of light
  2. Properties of pigments
  3. Roles of pigments
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18
Q

what light does reach earth in?

A

waves

19
Q

what is quanta?

A

different wavelengths contain different amounts of energy

20
Q

what are photons?

A

energy packets

21
Q

what does photosynthetic organism use special molecules called?

A

pigments

22
Q

what is the range of pigments absorb light in ?

A

visible spectrum from 400 to 700 nm

23
Q

What does chlorophyll absorbs?

A

blue (400-450nm) and red (650-700nm) wavelengths

24
Q

what does chlorophyll reflect?

A

green (500 - 550nm)

25
Q

what does it mean when it does not absorb colour?

A

reflecting colour

26
Q

what is the molecular structure of chlorophyll a and b?

A

porphyrin-like ring structure with central Mg

ring contain loosely-bound electrons

27
Q

what is the absorption maximum of blue?

A

430nm

28
Q

what is the absorption maximum of red?

A

660nm

29
Q

What is absorb wavelengths of light not absorbed?

A

chlorophyll

30
Q

what is the carotenoids ?

A

accessory pigments

31
Q

what is the maximum absorption of carotenoids?

A

400-500nm

32
Q

what does carotenoids have?

A
  • photo-protective role
  • protect against high light
  • have anti-oxidant properties protect against light damage
33
Q

What is bilin pigments?

A
  • phycobilin
  • phycoerythrin
34
Q

what is the bilin pigment for?

A

accessory pigments

35
Q

what is the maximum absorption of bilin pigment?

A

400 - 500 nm

36
Q

what is absorbed by pigments in chloroplast?

A

sunlight energy

37
Q

what are the main pigments?

A

chlorophylls

38
Q

what is present in all photosynthetic organisms?

A

chlorophyll a

39
Q

what happens in chlorophyll absorption of blue light?

A

excites chlorophyll molecule to higher energy state than absorption of red light

39
Q

what happens in chlorophyll with absorption of light photons?

A

changes its energy state by altering distribution of electrons

40
Q

what happens when pigment absorbs light?

A

goes from ground state to an excited state (very unstable)

  • release as light and heat
41
Q

what happens when excited electrons fall back to the ground state?

A

photos are given off = fluorescence

  • light released is at lower energy level
42
Q

what happens in unstable high energy state?

A

chlorophyll gives up energy as heat to surrounding and drop to lower excited state

43
Q

what are the four routes to dissipate energy from lowest excited state in order to return to stable ground state?

A
  1. heat (energy loss)
  2. re-emit photon of longer wavelength (fluorescence)
  3. energy transfer to another molecule (resonance transfer)
  4. photochemistry (absorption with electron transfer)

Plant Biology (9 decks)

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