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Plant Biology > Light Reactions > Flashcards

Light Reactions Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are chloroplasts for?

A

genes encode for proteins in photosynthesis

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2
Q

how does chloroplast rise from?

A

pre-existing chloroplasts thru fission

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3
Q

how many membranes does chloroplasts have?

A

3

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4
Q

what are the 3 membranes of chloroplasts?

A
  1. outer membrane
  2. inner membrane
  3. thylakoid membrane
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5
Q

What are the features of outer membrane?

A
  • relatively permeable
  • contain porins
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6
Q

What are the features of inner membrane?

A
  • highly permeable
  • require transporters
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7
Q

What are the features of thylakoid membrane?

A
  • site of light reactions
  • contain intergral proteins
  • contain pigments
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8
Q

what are the two different functional units of plant chloroplasts in light energy conversion into chemical energy?

A

photosystems I (P700)
photosystems II (P680)

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9
Q

Where are the photosystems located?

A

thylakoid membrane

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10
Q

what are the feature of photosystem II?

A

absorbs @ shorter and more energetic wavelength

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11
Q

What are is the order of photosystem

A

start with photosystem II then photosystem I

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12
Q

What is the structure of photosynthetic apparatus , what are the four protein complexes?

A
  1. Photosystem II
  2. Cytochrome b6f complex
  3. photosystem I
  4. ATP synthase
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13
Q

What do the four protein complexes have?

A

vectorial arrangement

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14
Q

What are the two mobile carriers?

A
  1. plastoquinone
  2. plastocyanin
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15
Q

what are stroma lamellae?

A

unstacked

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16
Q

What are grana lamellae?

A

stacked

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17
Q

What are the structure of PSII photosystem?

A

stacked regions

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18
Q

What are the PSI photosystem/ETC Proteins/ ATP Synthase structure?

A

unstacked regions

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19
Q

What are cyt b6f structure?

A

even distributed

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20
Q

Where are is the ATP synthase?

A

unstacked stroma lamellae

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21
Q

what is the process of production of ATP?

A

ATP produced needs to be released into stroma to be available for calvin cycle rxns

22
Q

what are antenna complexes?

A

light-harvesting complexes or LHC

23
Q

What does antenna complexes contain?

A

chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids

24
Q

What are the mechanism involved in antenna complexes?

A

resonance energy transfer (vibrational)

25
Q

how are energy passes of antennae complexes?

A

down energy gradient, higher energy (shorter wavelength) to lower energy (longer wavelength) thru resonance up to Reaction Center

26
Q

What happens when reached energy Reaction Center?

A

chlorophyll molecule of either PSII or PSI

Chl molecule absorbs light energy and becomes excited Chl*

27
Q

what are the pigments associated with light-harvesting antenna complextes?

A

LHC II
LHC I

28
Q

what happens when pigments are near the reaction centre?

A

longer wavelength maxima

red shift in absorption max

29
Q

what does it give to reaction centre?

A

directionality/irreversibility to energy transfer

30
Q

how does light excited reaction centre chlorophyll molecule?

A
  1. directly
  2. thru resonance ( energy transfer from antenna molecules)
31
Q

what is the strongest oxidizing agent or oxidant (e- acceptor) in biological system?

A

excited PSII reaction centre chlorophyll (P680+)

32
Q

how is light energy converted to chemical energy?

A

thru the light-dependent reactions

33
Q

what are the types of ractions?

A
  1. Non-cyclic Electron Flow
  2. Cyclic Electron Flow
34
Q

What does the non-cyclic electron flow use?

A

PSII and PSI

35
Q

What is the non-cyclic electron flow?

A

thru linear electron flow pathway or the Z-scheme of photosynthesis

36
Q

What does the cyclic electron flow use?

A

PSI

37
Q

What is the cyclic electron flow?

A

thru non-linear electron flow pathway

38
Q

what does the PSII absorbs in the non-cyclic electron flow?

A

red light

39
Q

What does the PSI absorbs in the non-cyclic electron flow?

A

in far-red light

40
Q

what happens in the non-cyclic electron flow?

A

excited electron transferred to primary electron acceptor, convert from light to chemical energy

41
Q

what does the light absorption and electron transport generate?

A

ATP and NADPH thru Z-scheme

42
Q

what is the sequenece?

A
  1. photon absorption in PSII (P680) or PSI (P700)
  2. oxidation of water to generate electrons
  3. electron transfer to cytochrome b6f or from cytochrome b6f
  4. Electron transport to ferredoxin or to NADPH reductase
  5. photophosphorylation
43
Q

what happens in the photon absorption in PSII and PSI reaction center

A

Absorb light lead to
1. splitting H2O
2. generating H+ gradient

proteins D1 and D2 bind P680 reaction center chlorophyll and ETC

44
Q

What is PSII have?

A

20 polypeptides
within thylakoid membrane

45
Q

What happens when excited electron from P680 do?

A

accepted by pheophytin

46
Q

what is the most stable in water moelcule?

A

splitting water - endergonic reaction

47
Q

what happens when P680* loses it’s excited electron to Pheophytin?

A

oxidized to P680+

48
Q

what is the most powerful oxidizing agent?

A

P680+

49
Q

what can P680+ do?

A

photolysis of water - pulling electrons from H2O molecule

50
Q

what are features of plastoquinone?

A

hydrophobic
mobile within membrane

51
Q

what are the features of plastocyanin?

A

small, water-soluble
on lumen side

52
Q

how does

A

Plant Biology (9 decks)

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