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Bio 20 > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is reduction?

A

An atom/molecule gains electron

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2
Q

What is oxidation?

A

When an atom/molecule loses electrons

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3
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A
  • Energy capturing process
  • Process by which plants and other photosynthetic organisms trap yhe Sun’s energy and transform it into energy-rich chemical compounds
  • eg) sugars
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4
Q

What is an autotrophs?

A
  • “self-feeders”
  • Photosynthesizers
  • Chloroplast contain chlorophyll pigments that trap and convert solar energy into chemical energy
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5
Q

What are heterotrophs

A
  • “other feeders”
  • Non-photosynthetic organisms
  • Must eat photosynthetic organisms or other heterotrophs to obtain the chemical energy they need
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6
Q

What is and Where does ATP occur?

A
  • Mitochondria
  • Is the source if energy used by all organisms for cellular activities
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7
Q

What is the difference between ATP and ADP

A
  • ATP is stronger as it has 1 MORE PHOSPHATE than ADP
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8
Q

What is the chloroplast?

A
  • Site of photosynthesis
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9
Q

How many membranes are in a chloroplast?

A

2
- An inner
- An outer

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10
Q

What surrounds the 2 membranes in the chloroplast

A
  • The stroma
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11
Q

What is the stroma? What is in it?

A
  • A fluid membrane that contains proteins and chemicals required for photosynthesis
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12
Q

What is the membrane WITHIN the stroma

A
  • the thylakoid membrane
  • which creates flattened sacs
  • thylakoids are stacked in structures known as grana
  • chlorophyll molecules are located in the thylakoid membrane
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13
Q

What is the photosynthesis Equation

A

CO2 + H2O + Sunlight —> C6H12O6 + O2

CO2, H2O, Sunlight = are all added in the process (reactants)

C6H12O6 + O2 = are the products

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14
Q

In the photosynthesis formula. What oxidized and what reduced?

A

Reduced : CO2 (gains e-‘s and H+) to brcome C6H12O6

Oxidized : H2O (loses e-‘s and H+) to become O2

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15
Q

What consists if the two separate sets of chemical reactions in Photosynthesis?

A
  1. Light Dependent Reaction
  2. Light Independent Reaction
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16
Q

What type of energy does Light Dependent Reaction make

A
  1. ATP
  2. NADPH
17
Q

What are photosynthetic pigments? What do they do?

A
  • They are contained inside the thylakoid membranes in Photosystems
  • They absorb light energy and excite electrons
  • They convert solar energy into chemical bond energy
18
Q

What are the 3 major types of pigments plants have?

A
  1. Chlorophyll A : absorbs indigo, dark blue, and red
  2. Chlorophyll B: absorbs blue and red
  3. Carotenoids: absorb blue and some green
19
Q

What is photolysis

A
  • when solar energy (light) splits H2O
  • H2O oxidized (release/loses electrons)
20
Q

What is ATP synthase

A
  • The protein enzyme in the thylakoid membrane that is a pathway for H+ ions to move down the concentration gradient
21
Q

What does chemiosmosis make

A
  • Makes ATP
  • The movement of H+ through ATP synthase turns a molecular turbine that generates ATP from ADP + free phosphate
22
Q

How is NADPH made

A
  • When the high-energy electron from photosystem 1 reduce, H+ ions and NADP+ all react together ti form NADPH
  • NADP + ( H+) + e- = NADPH
23
Q

What are light INdependent reactions

A
  • Located in the stroma of chloroplast
  • light is not required
24
Q

What is required (reactants) for light independent reactions

A
  • Needs CO2
  • ATP and NADPH (from light dependent)
25
Q

What is the final product if light independent reaction

A

glucose

26
Q

What is carbon fixation

A
  • to make an organic compound inorganic
    -ex) glucose fixed from CO2
27
Q

What is the RuBISCO

A
  • An enzyme
  • helps with forming of 1-C from CO2 + 5-C from RuBP

Bio 20 (8 decks)

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