Photosynthesis Flashcards
What is reduction?
An atom/molecule gains electron
What is oxidation?
When an atom/molecule loses electrons
What is photosynthesis?
- Energy capturing process
- Process by which plants and other photosynthetic organisms trap yhe Sun’s energy and transform it into energy-rich chemical compounds
- eg) sugars
What is an autotrophs?
- “self-feeders”
- Photosynthesizers
- Chloroplast contain chlorophyll pigments that trap and convert solar energy into chemical energy
What are heterotrophs
- “other feeders”
- Non-photosynthetic organisms
- Must eat photosynthetic organisms or other heterotrophs to obtain the chemical energy they need
What is and Where does ATP occur?
- Mitochondria
- Is the source if energy used by all organisms for cellular activities
What is the difference between ATP and ADP
- ATP is stronger as it has 1 MORE PHOSPHATE than ADP
What is the chloroplast?
- Site of photosynthesis
How many membranes are in a chloroplast?
2
- An inner
- An outer
What surrounds the 2 membranes in the chloroplast
- The stroma
What is the stroma? What is in it?
- A fluid membrane that contains proteins and chemicals required for photosynthesis
What is the membrane WITHIN the stroma
- the thylakoid membrane
- which creates flattened sacs
- thylakoids are stacked in structures known as grana
- chlorophyll molecules are located in the thylakoid membrane
What is the photosynthesis Equation
CO2 + H2O + Sunlight —> C6H12O6 + O2
CO2, H2O, Sunlight = are all added in the process (reactants)
C6H12O6 + O2 = are the products
In the photosynthesis formula. What oxidized and what reduced?
Reduced : CO2 (gains e-‘s and H+) to brcome C6H12O6
Oxidized : H2O (loses e-‘s and H+) to become O2
What consists if the two separate sets of chemical reactions in Photosynthesis?
- Light Dependent Reaction
- Light Independent Reaction
What type of energy does Light Dependent Reaction make
- ATP
- NADPH
What are photosynthetic pigments? What do they do?
- They are contained inside the thylakoid membranes in Photosystems
- They absorb light energy and excite electrons
- They convert solar energy into chemical bond energy
What are the 3 major types of pigments plants have?
- Chlorophyll A : absorbs indigo, dark blue, and red
- Chlorophyll B: absorbs blue and red
- Carotenoids: absorb blue and some green
What is photolysis
- when solar energy (light) splits H2O
- H2O oxidized (release/loses electrons)
What is ATP synthase
- The protein enzyme in the thylakoid membrane that is a pathway for H+ ions to move down the concentration gradient
What does chemiosmosis make
- Makes ATP
- The movement of H+ through ATP synthase turns a molecular turbine that generates ATP from ADP + free phosphate
How is NADPH made
- When the high-energy electron from photosystem 1 reduce, H+ ions and NADP+ all react together ti form NADPH
- NADP + ( H+) + e- = NADPH
What are light INdependent reactions
- Located in the stroma of chloroplast
- light is not required
What is required (reactants) for light independent reactions
- Needs CO2
- ATP and NADPH (from light dependent)
What is the final product if light independent reaction
glucose
What is carbon fixation
- to make an organic compound inorganic
-ex) glucose fixed from CO2
What is the RuBISCO
- An enzyme
- helps with forming of 1-C from CO2 + 5-C from RuBP
