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Bio 20 > Circulatory System: Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Circulatory System: Chapter 9 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the functions of the Excretory System?

A
  • Balancing Blood pH
  • Removes Waste
  • Maintain water balance
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2
Q

What is the main organ in the Excretory System

A

Kidneys

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3
Q

How does urine move. Simple terms

A
  1. Kidneys release urine into the ureters which then carries it to the bladder
  2. urine exits bladder through urethra
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4
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney? what does it do?

A

The Nephrons, filters waste from blood and transforms to urine

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5
Q

What are the 3 regions of the Nephron

A
  1. Filter
  2. Tubule
  3. Collecting Duct
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6
Q

What happens at the filter part in the nephron

A
  • only small molecules (ex: water, ions, urea) can pass through - they are collected by the Bowman’s capsule and go into the nephron - referred to as the filter
    -Rbc, proteins, and large molecules are too big to fit through the glomerulus so they remain in the blood.
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7
Q

What happens in the Tubule part of the Nephron

A

Reabsorbs substances that are useful to the body (glucose,ions) and returns them to the blood stream

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8
Q

What are the 3 sections of the tubule

A
  1. Proximal Tubule
  2. Loop of Henle
  3. Distal Tubule
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9
Q

What happens in the collecting duct

A
  • receives urine from many nephrons
  • urine carried to the renal pelvis of the kidney
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10
Q

What are the 4 main parts of how urine is formed in the nephron

A
  1. Filtration of the glomerulus
  2. Reabsorption
  3. Secretion
  4. Water Absorption
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11
Q

What is Urea?

A

Waste product from the kidneys

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12
Q

What happens in the filtration of the Glomerulus

A
  • water and solutes (salt, glucose, ions) pass through the cell membrane of the glomerulus into the nephron
  • the filtrate is where everything is after being filtered
  • the filtrate is similar to blood plasma bcs they both include a lot of stuff
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13
Q

Us the blood pressure high in the glomerulus? Why or why not?

A

Yes. it is 4x higher than other parts of the body
the pressure helps force filtration

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14
Q

Why can’t big molecules such as proteins, platelets, rbc pass through the glomerulus

A

because they are too big and the capillaries of the glomerulus only allow small things to pass

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15
Q

What happens in reabsorption in the nephron

A
  • useful substances are removed from the filtrate and returned to the blood stream
  • involves active and passive transport
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16
Q

How is water removed out of the nephron through what?

A

Osmosis

17
Q

What are actively transported out of the nephron?

A
  • Na+ ions, glucose, and amino acids (proteins) are actively transported out of the nephron
  • Cl- is negatively charged so the attractive from the Na+ will make Cl- follow them
18
Q

What happens in secretion of the nephron

A
  • Waste that did not go through the glomerulus can actively move into the nephron
  • H+ ions are secreted into the nephron to main blood pH
    -K+ ions, drugs also go into the nephron
19
Q

What happens in the Water Absorption in the nephron

A
  • excess Water is absorb again in the collecting duct
  • through osmosis
20
Q

What is the main fucntion of the loop of henle

A
  • to reabsorb water from filtrate
21
Q

What is released to regulate water reabsorption

A

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
- controls the amount of water reabsorbed or excreted in the urine

22
Q

What is diuretics and examples

A
  • blocks ADH which increases secretion of urine
    -ex) alcohol, and coffee
23
Q

What is an example of a disease of someone who has insufficient ADH

A

Diabetis Insipidus. they urinate a lot everyday because water is not reabsorbed back to the blood and comes our of the nephron instead

24
Q

What is hormonal aldosterone

A
  • it is released when there is a drop of Na+
  • it stimulates the distal tubule and collecting duct to reabsorb Na+
  • which Cl- follows
25
Q

What is the normal blood pH

A

7.4 or 7

Bio 20 (8 decks)

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