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Bio 20 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most complex out of all organizations

A
  • the biosphere
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2
Q

what is a biosphere

A
  • all biomes on Earth
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3
Q

What is a biome

A
  • a large geographical region of climate with particular biotic and abiotic factors
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4
Q

What is an ecosystem

A
  • community of populations
  • consists of a community of populations in a given area and the abiotic factors that surround and affect it
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5
Q

what is a community

A
  • all populations in a habitat
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6
Q

what is a population

A
  • all individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time
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7
Q

What is an individual

A
  • organism of a single species
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8
Q

what are species

A
  • organisms that are able to breed with one another and produce fertile offspring
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9
Q

what are ecologists

A
  • scientist who study the interactions of organisms with one another and their environment
    -ex) individuals, populations, community systems
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10
Q

what are individual ecologists

A
  • studies how abiotic factors affect the behaviours and physical features of an organism
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11
Q

What are population ecologists

A
  • studies why a population changes over time
  • rate of population change
  • factors that determine the number of males and females in a population
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12
Q

What are community ecologists

A
  • how different populations / species interact with one another
  • how abiotic factors effect how many species live in a community
    -why some communities are more diverse than others
    • competition between the individuals of the same species and/or between other species
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13
Q

communities are ___

A
  • dynamic
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14
Q

From smallest to biggest organize the organization of the biosphere

A
  1. species / individual organisms
  2. population
  3. community
  4. ecosystem
  5. biome
  6. biosphere
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15
Q

What is taxonomy

A
  • all living things are organized unto different groups based on their physical characteristics
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16
Q

Aristotle’s classifications in order

A
  1. plants and animals
  2. Animalae, Plantae, Protista
  3. Eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea (<—within those 3 domains there are 6 kingdoms of life)
17
Q

Classify the taxonomy

A

Memorize: (most to least) Dopey King Philip Came Over For Good Soup
Actual: Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus
1. # of organisms in each group decreases
2. physical characteristics become more similar

18
Q

What is a transect and quadrat

A

Transect - sampled along a very long rectangle
- organisms are counted within a certain distance from a centre line
Quadrat - several locations within a study area are chosen and at each location a quadrat if the same size is marked out

19
Q

What is density

A
  • the number if individuals per unit of volume or area (D= =individuals/m^2)
20
Q

what does habitat mean

A
  • all biotic snd abiotic factors that support an organism’s survival and reproduction
21
Q

what is a niche

A
  • an organism’s role in its environment and its relationship with the ecosystem
22
Q

___ factors determine the distribution of earth’s organisms

A
  • abiotic
23
Q

most organisms directly or indirectly obtain their energy from ___

A
  • sunlight
24
Q

what is an ecological niche

A
  • an organisms “job” in an ecosystem. Describes the organism in relation to others in the ecosystem
25
Q

What does a species’ niche include

A
  1. Habitat: where they live
  2. Relationships: Its interactions with other species in the ecosystem
  3. Nutrition: How it obtains food
26
Q

What is biodiversity

A
  • the variety of life in a habitat or ecosystem. The greater the biodiversity, the less competition there is for any niche
27
Q

what are limiting factors

A
  • abiotic and biotic conditions that limit the growth of a population
28
Q

Examples of abiotic limiting factors

A
  1. Sunlight- seasonal changes, proximity to poles = different amounts of sunlight
  2. Temperature - seasonal changed (adaptation and structural factors), can affect evaporation rates
  3. Altitude - amount of oxygen available
  4. Water - amount and type of precipitation; length of time it remains in the upper layer of soil, available water
  5. Soil - series of horizontal layers of organic and inorganic matter, less organic matter deeper down
29
Q

Biotic limiting factors

A
  1. Predation - an interaction where one species, the predator, kills and eats another organism, the prey
  2. Competition
  3. Parasitism
30
Q

Biotic Limitinf Factors, Competition what are the 2 types

A
  1. Interspecific - between members of different species. the “losing” i driven away from area
  2. Infraspecific - between members of the same species. Always leads to a reduction in a population growth rates

Bio 20 (8 decks)

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