Cellular Resp Flashcards
What does aerobic mean
- with the presence of oxygen
Is aerobic cellular respiration. oxidation? or reduction?
- oxidation
- loss of electrons
- take electrons from high energy molecules (glucose) and use those electrons to reduce something else (give electrons to something else)
What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration?
-oxygen
Does glycolysis need oxygen or no?
-it does not need oxygen
-it is anaerobic
where is glycolysis done
- cytoplasm (NOT IN MITOCHONDRIA)
what is glycolysis
- oxidation reaction
- takes electrons from glucose to release some ATP
What is the stages of glycolysis
Step 1. Glucose (6-C) breaks down with the help of ATP (= 2ADP + 2P) . which will then form 2 PGAL-P (3-C).
Step 2. Each PGAL-P will be oxidated (lose electrons) because NAD+ molecules and 2ADP+P will be reduced (receive or gain those electrons) to lroduce NADH and 2 ATP. The rest of PGAL-P will then turn to pyruvate
What is the input and output of glycolysis
Input:
1 glucose
2 ATP
2 NAD+ (one each PGAL-P)
2ADP
Output:
2 pyruvate
4 ATP
2 NADH
How much is the net gain in glycolysis? how?
+2 ATP
- it starts with 2 ATP being used to breakdown glucose but then each PGAL-P will give electrons to 2 ADP so that equals to 4 ATP being made. 2 ADP on the left and 2 on the right = making 4
If the body has lack of oxygen or none where does pyruvate go?
No oxygen leads to fermentation
- 2 types: ethanol fermentation and lactate fermentation
What happens in lactate fermentation
- pyruvate is reduced to form lactate
- end product is lactate
- occurs in complex and simple organisms
- in complex organisms = lactate builds up in muscles can cause cramping and fatigue
- IMPORTANT FOR THE RECYCLING OF NAD+ FOR FURTHER GLYCOLYSIS
What is ethanol fermentation
- pyruvate us reduced to form ethanol
- forms CO2 as well (pyruvate is a 3-C molecule and CO2 gets release which takes off 1-C so ethanol will end up with 2-C) ***2 pyruvates enter so which means theres 2 ethanols at the end of the
- ETHANOL = 2-C molecule
- occurs in yeast and some bacteria
- RECYCLING OF NAD+ FOR FURTHER GLYCOLYSIS
Where does pyruvate go if there is oxygen
- the krebs cycle
- oxygen MUST be present
- pyruvate will be transported from the cytoplasm inti the mitochondrial matrix
what is CoA?
- a enzyme called CoEnzyme A
a turns pyruvate (3-C) into acetyl CoA (activated 2-C) by removing CO2 (takes off 1-C)
-also reduces NAD+ to NADH
How many carbons does Acetyl CoA have
2 Carbons
