PHOTOSYNTHESIS Flashcards
Plants are called ___________ because they can use energy from light to synthesize, or make, their own food source.
autotrophs
plants use sunlight, water, and the gases in the air to make _______, which is a form of sugar that plants need to survive.
glucose
To perform photosynthesis, plants need three things: ____________________.
carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight
Animals take in gases through a process called ________.
respiration
During the respiration process, animals inhale all of the gases in the atmosphere, but the only gas that is retained and not immediately exhaled is _______.
oxygen
formula for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + Light energy → C6H12O6 (sugar) + 6O2
the primary pigment used in photosynthesis, reflects green light and absorbs red and blue light most strongly.
Chlorophyll
where does photosynthesis takes place in plants
chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are surrounded by a double membrane and contain a third inner membrane, called the _____ membrane
thylakoid
the space between the thylakoid and the chloroplast membranes is called the _____
stroma
this looks like stacks of coins
thylakoid membranes
where is the green pigment chlorophyll is located
in thylakoid membarne
_______ is the major pigment used in photosynthesis
Chlorophyll A
photosynthetic protists which are responsible for the “red tides” that often prompt warnings against eating shellfish, contain a variety of light-sensitive pigments, including both chlorophyll and the red pigments responsible for their dramatic coloration.
dinoflagellates
In plants, the so-called “light” reactions occur within the ______________, where the aforementioned chlorophyll pigments reside.
chloroplast thylakoids
the light-independent or “dark” reactions take place in the ____________.
chloroplast stroma
what is ATP
Adenosine Triphosphate
____________________ is the energy currency for cellular processes.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
_____ provides the energy for both energy-consuming endergonic reactions and energy-releasing exergonic reactions, which require a small input of activation energy.
ATP
how many phosphate groups are there in ATP
three phosphate groups
is a nucleoside consisting of the nitrogenous base adenine and the five-carbon sugar ribose.
Adenosine
three phosphate groups
alpha, beta, and gamma
The bond between the beta and gamma phosphate is considered “________” because when the bond breaks, the products [adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and one inorganic phosphate group (Pi)] have a lower free energy than the reactants (ATP and a water molecule).
high-energy
ATP breakdown into ADP and Pi is called _____________ because it consumes a water molecule
hydrolysis
