CELL TRANSPORT na may konting cell cycle Flashcards
separates the components of a cell from its environment—surrounds the cell
regulates the flow of materials into and out of cell-selectively permeable
● helps cells maintain homeostasis—stable internal balance
CELL MEMBRANE
occurs when substances cross the plasma membrane WITHOUT any input of ENERGY from the cell
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
substances moves from an area of HIGHER concentration to LOWER concentration
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
three types OF PASSIVE TRANSPORT
SIMPLE DIFFUSION
○ OSMOSIS
○ FACILITATED DIFFUSION
● movement of small particles across a selectively permeable membrane UNTIL EQUILIBRIUM IS REACHED.
● particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
SIMPLE DIFFUSION
● specific type of diffusion that moves WATER through a selectively permeable membrane.
● Water diffuses across a membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
● Water moves in or out of a cell until its concentration is the same on both sides of the plasma membrane
OSMOSIS
There are _______ possible relationships that cells can encounter when placed into a sugar solution
three
A solution that has a HIGHER SOLUTE concentration than
another solution. Water particles will move OUT of the cell,
causing CRENATION.
Hypertonic Solution
A solution that has a LOWER SOLUTE concentration than another solution. Water particles will move INTO the cell, causing the cell to EXPAND and EVENTUALLY LYSE.
Hypotonic Solution
A solution that has the SAME SOLUTE concentration as
another solution. There is NO NET MOVEMENT of water particles, and the overall concentration on both sides of the cell membrane remains CONSTANT.
Isotonic Solution
● movement of LARGER MOLECULES like glucose through the cell membrane – larger molecules must be “helped”
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
The help comes from special proteins in the membrane known as _________.
transport proteins
FORM PORES, or tiny holes in the membrane - allows water molecules and small ions to pass through the membrane without coming into contact with the hydrophobic tails of the lipid molecules in the interior of the membrane
Channel proteins
BIND with specific ions or molecules, and in doing so, they CHANGE SHAPE. As ______ change shape, they carry the ions or molecules across the membrane.
Carrier proteins
● movement of molecules from LOW to HIGH concentration.
● Energy is required as molecules must be pumped against the concentration gradient
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Two types of active transport
pump and
vesicle transport
uses ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cells
sodium-potassium pump
● moves a substance into the cell.
ENDOCYTOSIS
plasma membrane completely _____ the substance,
a vesicle pinches off from the membrane, and the
vesicle carries the substance into the cell.
engulfs
● solid particle is engulfed - _____
phagocytosis
● fluid is engulfed - ________
pinocytosis
● moves a substance OUT of the cell
● vesicle containing the substance moves through the
cytoplasm to the cell membrane then the vesicle membrane fuses with the cell membrane, and the substance is released outside the cell
EXOCYTOSIS
This is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
osmosis
_______ refers to the stable level of internal conditions in organisms
Homeostasis
________ completes the full stage of the cell cycle
Cytokinesis
It is the part of the cell cycle where the nucleus physically divides into two, each containing an exact copy of the original DNA
mitosis
a single phospholipid layer that supports and protects a cell and controls what enters and leaves it.
plasma membrance
a single phospholipid layer that supports and protects a cell and controls what enters and leaves it.
plasma membrane
for most cells, the majority of their lifespan is actually spent in
interphase
in this phase, DNA begins to condense, forming chromosomes
prophase
a unique phenomenon in which homologous chromosomes exchange segments, producing combination of genes unique to those of the original stem cell
crossing over
in hypotonic solution, the cells _____
swell/expand and eventually lyse
it allows small molecules such as oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide to pass through
cell membranes
also termed as “cellular drinking”
pinocytosis
is the programmed death of the cells in the body
apoptosis
type of transport in which the movement of molecules is from LOW to HIGH concentration, and it needs energy
Active transport
in hypertonic solution, the cells ____
shrivels/crenation
the sodium-potassium pump is made up of
proteins
a ____ is a medical procedure which is related to transport mechanisms
passive transport
at ____, the chromosomes align at the central zone
metaphase
a human has ____ pairs of chromosomes
23
the longest stage of the cell cycle
interphase
the formation of sperm wherein the stem cells will undergo mitosis produce two exact copies, called daughter cells
spermatogenesis
the ____ is the process in the cell cycle by which a cell duplicates into two genetically identical daughter cells
mitosis
examples of this process is the amoeba captures its food and white blood cells engulf bacteria is called
phagocytosis
the ___ is the process in which wastes are moved out of the cell
exocytosis
a solution that has the same solute concentration as another solution
isotonic solution
a part of the cell that takes a vital role in separating the components of cells from its environment and facilitating cellular transport
plasma membrane
the organelle that is most closely associated with the MANUFACTURE OF PROTEINS within the cell
ribosomes
ELONGATED cellular structure composed of DNA and protein
chromosomes
also known as SOMATIC CELLS
body cells
type of cellular transport that DOES NOT REQUIRE ENERGY
passive transport
it is the process of EGG FORMATION
oogenesis
type of solution that occurs when the same amount of water diffuses in and out of the cell
isotonic solution
bind with specific ions or molecules, and in doing so, they change shape
carrier proteins
solutions that contain high concertation of solution wherein the water diffuses OUT of the cell causing it to SHRIVEL
hypertonic
dried fish and mangoes are examples of the process of
diffusion/osmosis
the process wherein cells engulf materials
endocytosis
at this point, the cell RETURNS to the interphase stage
cytokinesis
these prokaryotes have simple life forms and have simple chemistry
bacteria
the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane
simple diffusion
in _____ solutions, cells SWELLS UP and has a possibility to EXPLODE
hypotonic
it is formed on plant cells when it is under the CYTOKINESIS STAGE
cleavage furrow
the movement of small particles from an area of higher concertation to an area of a lower concertation
diffusion
