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GENERAL BIOLOGY > CELL TRANSPORT na may konting cell cycle > Flashcards

CELL TRANSPORT na may konting cell cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

separates the components of a cell from its environment—surrounds the cell
regulates the flow of materials into and out of cell-selectively permeable
● helps cells maintain homeostasis—stable internal balance

A

CELL MEMBRANE

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2
Q

occurs when substances cross the plasma membrane WITHOUT any input of ENERGY from the cell

A

PASSIVE TRANSPORT

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3
Q

substances moves from an area of HIGHER concentration to LOWER concentration

A

PASSIVE TRANSPORT

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4
Q

three types OF PASSIVE TRANSPORT

A

SIMPLE DIFFUSION
○ OSMOSIS
○ FACILITATED DIFFUSION

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5
Q

● movement of small particles across a selectively permeable membrane UNTIL EQUILIBRIUM IS REACHED.
● particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

A

SIMPLE DIFFUSION

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6
Q

● specific type of diffusion that moves WATER through a selectively permeable membrane.
● Water diffuses across a membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
● Water moves in or out of a cell until its concentration is the same on both sides of the plasma membrane

A

OSMOSIS

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7
Q

There are _______ possible relationships that cells can encounter when placed into a sugar solution

A

three

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8
Q

A solution that has a HIGHER SOLUTE concentration than
another solution. Water particles will move OUT of the cell,
causing CRENATION.

A

Hypertonic Solution

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9
Q

A solution that has a LOWER SOLUTE concentration than another solution. Water particles will move INTO the cell, causing the cell to EXPAND and EVENTUALLY LYSE.

A

Hypotonic Solution

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10
Q

A solution that has the SAME SOLUTE concentration as
another solution. There is NO NET MOVEMENT of water particles, and the overall concentration on both sides of the cell membrane remains CONSTANT.

A

Isotonic Solution

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11
Q

● movement of LARGER MOLECULES like glucose through the cell membrane – larger molecules must be “helped”

A

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

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12
Q

The help comes from special proteins in the membrane known as _________.

A

transport proteins

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13
Q

FORM PORES, or tiny holes in the membrane - allows water molecules and small ions to pass through the membrane without coming into contact with the hydrophobic tails of the lipid molecules in the interior of the membrane

A

Channel proteins

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14
Q

BIND with specific ions or molecules, and in doing so, they CHANGE SHAPE. As ______ change shape, they carry the ions or molecules across the membrane.

A

Carrier proteins

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15
Q

● movement of molecules from LOW to HIGH concentration.
● Energy is required as molecules must be pumped against the concentration gradient

A

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

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16
Q

Two types of active transport

A

pump and
vesicle transport

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17
Q

uses ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cells

A

sodium-potassium pump

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18
Q

● moves a substance into the cell.

A

ENDOCYTOSIS

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19
Q

plasma membrane completely _____ the substance,
a vesicle pinches off from the membrane, and the
vesicle carries the substance into the cell.

A

engulfs

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20
Q

● solid particle is engulfed - _____

A

phagocytosis

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21
Q

● fluid is engulfed - ________

A

pinocytosis

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22
Q

● moves a substance OUT of the cell
● vesicle containing the substance moves through the
cytoplasm to the cell membrane then the vesicle membrane fuses with the cell membrane, and the substance is released outside the cell

A

EXOCYTOSIS

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23
Q

This is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

A

osmosis

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24
Q

_______ refers to the stable level of internal conditions in organisms

A

Homeostasis

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25
Q

________ completes the full stage of the cell cycle

A

Cytokinesis

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26
Q

It is the part of the cell cycle where the nucleus physically divides into two, each containing an exact copy of the original DNA

A

mitosis

27
Q

a single phospholipid layer that supports and protects a cell and controls what enters and leaves it.

A

plasma membrance

28
Q

a single phospholipid layer that supports and protects a cell and controls what enters and leaves it.

A

plasma membrane

29
Q

for most cells, the majority of their lifespan is actually spent in

A

interphase

30
Q

in this phase, DNA begins to condense, forming chromosomes

A

prophase

31
Q

a unique phenomenon in which homologous chromosomes exchange segments, producing combination of genes unique to those of the original stem cell

A

crossing over

32
Q

in hypotonic solution, the cells _____

A

swell/expand and eventually lyse

33
Q

it allows small molecules such as oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide to pass through

A

cell membranes

34
Q

also termed as “cellular drinking”

A

pinocytosis

35
Q

is the programmed death of the cells in the body

A

apoptosis

36
Q

type of transport in which the movement of molecules is from LOW to HIGH concentration, and it needs energy

A

Active transport

37
Q

in hypertonic solution, the cells ____

A

shrivels/crenation

38
Q

the sodium-potassium pump is made up of

A

proteins

39
Q

a ____ is a medical procedure which is related to transport mechanisms

A

passive transport

40
Q

at ____, the chromosomes align at the central zone

A

metaphase

41
Q

a human has ____ pairs of chromosomes

A

23

42
Q

the longest stage of the cell cycle

A

interphase

43
Q

the formation of sperm wherein the stem cells will undergo mitosis produce two exact copies, called daughter cells

A

spermatogenesis

44
Q

the ____ is the process in the cell cycle by which a cell duplicates into two genetically identical daughter cells

A

mitosis

45
Q

examples of this process is the amoeba captures its food and white blood cells engulf bacteria is called

A

phagocytosis

46
Q

the ___ is the process in which wastes are moved out of the cell

A

exocytosis

47
Q

a solution that has the same solute concentration as another solution

A

isotonic solution

48
Q

a part of the cell that takes a vital role in separating the components of cells from its environment and facilitating cellular transport

A

plasma membrane

49
Q

the organelle that is most closely associated with the MANUFACTURE OF PROTEINS within the cell

A

ribosomes

50
Q

ELONGATED cellular structure composed of DNA and protein

A

chromosomes

51
Q

also known as SOMATIC CELLS

A

body cells

52
Q

type of cellular transport that DOES NOT REQUIRE ENERGY

A

passive transport

53
Q

it is the process of EGG FORMATION

A

oogenesis

54
Q

type of solution that occurs when the same amount of water diffuses in and out of the cell

A

isotonic solution

55
Q

bind with specific ions or molecules, and in doing so, they change shape

A

carrier proteins

56
Q

solutions that contain high concertation of solution wherein the water diffuses OUT of the cell causing it to SHRIVEL

A

hypertonic

57
Q

dried fish and mangoes are examples of the process of

A

diffusion/osmosis

58
Q

the process wherein cells engulf materials

A

endocytosis

59
Q

at this point, the cell RETURNS to the interphase stage

A

cytokinesis

60
Q

these prokaryotes have simple life forms and have simple chemistry

A

bacteria

61
Q

the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane

A

simple diffusion

62
Q

in _____ solutions, cells SWELLS UP and has a possibility to EXPLODE

A

hypotonic

63
Q

it is formed on plant cells when it is under the CYTOKINESIS STAGE

A

cleavage furrow

64
Q

the movement of small particles from an area of higher concertation to an area of a lower concertation

A

diffusion

GENERAL BIOLOGY (9 decks)

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