Photosynthesis

Question 1

plants take CO2, produce carbohydrates and release water and O2 (light required)

Answer 1

photosynthesis

Question 2

how did they determine the source of O2 released during photosynthesis

Answer 2

using different isotopes of oxygen

Question 3

who used different isotopes of oxygen to determine the source of O2 released during photosynthesis

Answer 3

Ruben and Kame

Question 4

in light reactions light energy is converted to chemical energy as

Answer 4

ATP and NADPH

Question 5

in light reactions water is ________ and in the process ________ is released

Answer 5

oxidized
O2

Question 6

in the Calvin cycle ATP, NADPH, and CO2 are used to produce

Answer 6

carbohydrates

Question 7

what is released during the Calvin cycle

Answer 7

CO2

Question 8

where do light reactions happen

Answer 8

membrane of the thylakoid

Question 9

where is H+ collected

Answer 9

thylakoid lumen

Question 10

what is light a form of

Answer 10

electromagnetic radiation

Question 11

what are the discrete packages light comes in called

Answer 11

photons

Question 12

energy of a photon is inversely proportional to its ________

Answer 12

wavelength

Question 13

atom is more reactive at its _______ state

Answer 13

excited

Question 14

energy from the __________ boosts an electron into another shell

Answer 14

photon

Question 15

molecules that absorb specific wavelengths in the visible range of the spectrum

Answer 15

pigments

Question 16

what type of pigments absorb light energy used in photosynthesis

Answer 16

Chlorophyll
accessory pigments

Question 17

absorb in red and blue regions, transfer the energy to chlorophyll

Answer 17

accessory pigments

Question 18

pigments are arranged in _____________ in photosynthetic organisms

Answer 18

antenna systems (most of chlorophyll

Question 19

a ___________ consists of multiple antenna systems and their pigments surrounding a ___________

Answer 19

photosystem
reaction center

Question 20

excitation energy is assed between pigments and ends up in the ________ pigment

Answer 20

reaction center

Question 21

what is the first chemical reaction in photosynthesis

Answer 21

reaction center

Question 22

what model describes the electron transport

Answer 22

Z scheme

Question 23

electrons from water and transferred to NADPH, using energy transferred from ___________

Answer 23

photosystems I and II

Question 24

electrons from water and transferred to NADPH, using energy transferred from photosystems I and II yields what

Answer 24

NADPH
ATP
O2

Question 25

the reaction centers convert _____ energy to ______ energy

Answer 25

light chemical

Question 26

the excited chlorophyll is a _______ agent

Answer 26

reducing

Question 27

which photosystems chlorophylls donates an electron to the photosynthetic ETC

Answer 27

PSII

Question 28

which PS chlorophyll donates and electron to reduce NADP+ to NADPH

Answer 28

PSI

Question 29

what does the noncyclic ET produce

Answer 29

NADPH ATP

Question 30

what does the cyclic ET produce

Answer 30

ONLY ATP

Question 31

what occurs because too much NADPH is produced for the Calvin cycle

Answer 31

cyclic electron transport

Question 32

an electron from an excited chlorophyll molecule in PSI cycles back to the same chlorophyll molecule

Answer 32

cyclic electron transport

Question 33

what is not used in cyclic transport

Answer 33

PSII and oxygen is not oxidized

Question 34

CO2 is reduced to carbohydrates

Answer 34

carbon fixation

Question 35

enzymes in the storm use the energy in _____ and ______ to reduce CO2

Answer 35

ATP and NADPH

Question 36

because production of ATP and NADPH is light dependent carbon fixation must take place __________

Answer 36

in the light

Question 37

what technique was used to separate the compounds in Calvin and Bensons experiments

Answer 37

chromatography

Question 38

what did the 3 second exposure to the chlorella to 14CO2 reveal

Answer 38

that the first compound to be formed is 3PGA, a 3 carbon sugar phosphate

Question 39

in the first step of the Clavin cycle CO2 breaks down into

Answer 39

2 (3PGA)

Question 40

the first reaction in the Clavin cycle is catalyzed by _______

Answer 40

rubisco ( most abundant protein in the world)

Question 41

carbon from CO2 becomes an _________ in carbon fixation

Answer 41

organic

Question 42

what are the three steps of the Calvin cycle

Answer 42

1. carboxylation 2. reduction 3. regeneration of RuBP

Question 43

what are the carbon containing products of the Calvin cycle

Answer 43

triose phosphates

Question 44

most triose phosphate is recycled into ______, the rest is used to make _____ or ________

Answer 44

RuBP sugars stored starch

Question 45

covalent bonds in carbohydrates produced in the Clavin cycle represent the ______________________________

Answer 45

total energy of photosynthesis

Question 46

the Calvin cycle is stimulated by what

Answer 46

light

Question 47

proton pumping into thylakoids increases the __________ which favors the __________________

Answer 47

stroma pH activation of rubisco

Question 48

electron flow from ________ reduces disulfide binds to activate _____________

Answer 48

PSI Calvin cycle enzymes

Question 49

carbon is lost during ________ which is bad for plants

Answer 49

photorespiration

Question 50

Under _______ it is possible for more ________ to be produced that the Calvin cycle can handle

Answer 50

strong light NADPH

Question 51

what is produced when NADP+ is low

Answer 51

ROS

Question 52

what do antioxidants do to ROS

Answer 52

detoxify

Question 53

____________ inPSII convert excess light energy into heat (instead of photosynthesis and avoid production of ROS)

Answer 53

Xanthophylls

Question 54

what do harmful oxygen species do

Answer 54

destroy parts of the cell