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BIOL 2170 > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

plants take CO2, produce carbohydrates and release water and O2 (light required)

A

photosynthesis

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2
Q

how did they determine the source of O2 released during photosynthesis

A

using different isotopes of oxygen

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3
Q

who used different isotopes of oxygen to determine the source of O2 released during photosynthesis

A

Ruben and Kame

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4
Q

in light reactions light energy is converted to chemical energy as

A

ATP and NADPH

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5
Q

in light reactions water is ________ and in the process ________ is released

A

oxidized
O2

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6
Q

in the Calvin cycle ATP, NADPH, and CO2 are used to produce

A

carbohydrates

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7
Q

what is released during the Calvin cycle

A

CO2

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8
Q

where do light reactions happen

A

membrane of the thylakoid

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9
Q

where is H+ collected

A

thylakoid lumen

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10
Q

what is light a form of

A

electromagnetic radiation

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11
Q

what are the discrete packages light comes in called

A

photons

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12
Q

energy of a photon is inversely proportional to its ________

A

wavelength

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13
Q

atom is more reactive at its _______ state

A

excited

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14
Q

energy from the __________ boosts an electron into another shell

A

photon

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15
Q

molecules that absorb specific wavelengths in the visible range of the spectrum

A

pigments

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16
Q

what type of pigments absorb light energy used in photosynthesis

A

Chlorophyll
accessory pigments

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17
Q

absorb in red and blue regions, transfer the energy to chlorophyll

A

accessory pigments

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18
Q

pigments are arranged in _____________ in photosynthetic organisms

A

antenna systems (most of chlorophyll

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19
Q

a ___________ consists of multiple antenna systems and their pigments surrounding a ___________

A

photosystem
reaction center

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20
Q

excitation energy is assed between pigments and ends up in the ________ pigment

A

reaction center

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21
Q

what is the first chemical reaction in photosynthesis

A

reaction center

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22
Q

what model describes the electron transport

A

Z scheme

23
Q

electrons from water and transferred to NADPH, using energy transferred from ___________

A

photosystems I and II

24
Q

electrons from water and transferred to NADPH, using energy transferred from photosystems I and II yields what

A

NADPH
ATP
O2

25
Q

the reaction centers convert _____ energy to ______ energy

A

light
chemical

26
Q

the excited chlorophyll is a _______ agent

A

reducing

27
Q

which photosystems chlorophylls donates an electron to the photosynthetic ETC

A

PSII

28
Q

which PS chlorophyll donates and electron to reduce NADP+ to NADPH

A

PSI

29
Q

what does the noncyclic ET produce

A

NADPH
ATP

30
Q

what does the cyclic ET produce

A

ONLY ATP

31
Q

what occurs because too much NADPH is produced for the Calvin cycle

A

cyclic electron transport

32
Q

an electron from an excited chlorophyll molecule in PSI cycles back to the same chlorophyll molecule

A

cyclic electron transport

33
Q

what is not used in cyclic transport

A

PSII and oxygen is not oxidized

34
Q

CO2 is reduced to carbohydrates

A

carbon fixation

35
Q

enzymes in the storm use the energy in _____ and ______ to reduce CO2

A

ATP and NADPH

36
Q

because production of ATP and NADPH is light dependent carbon fixation must take place __________

A

in the light

37
Q

what technique was used to separate the compounds in Calvin and Bensons experiments

A

chromatography

38
Q

what did the 3 second exposure to the chlorella to 14CO2 reveal

A

that the first compound to be formed is 3PGA, a 3 carbon sugar phosphate

39
Q

in the first step of the Clavin cycle CO2 breaks down into

A

2 (3PGA)

40
Q

the first reaction in the Clavin cycle is catalyzed by _______

A

rubisco ( most abundant protein in the world)

41
Q

carbon from CO2 becomes an _________ in carbon fixation

A

organic

42
Q

what are the three steps of the Calvin cycle

A
  1. carboxylation
  2. reduction
  3. regeneration of RuBP
43
Q

what are the carbon containing products of the Calvin cycle

A

triose phosphates

44
Q

most triose phosphate is recycled into ______, the rest is used to make _____ or ________

A

RuBP
sugars
stored starch

45
Q

covalent bonds in carbohydrates produced in the Clavin cycle represent the ______________________________

A

total energy of photosynthesis

46
Q

the Calvin cycle is stimulated by what

A

light

47
Q

proton pumping into thylakoids increases the __________ which favors the __________________

A

stroma pH
activation of rubisco

48
Q

electron flow from ________ reduces disulfide binds to activate _____________

A

PSI
Calvin cycle enzymes

49
Q

carbon is lost during ________ which is bad for plants

A

photorespiration

50
Q

Under _______ it is possible for more ________ to be produced that the Calvin cycle can handle

A

strong light
NADPH

51
Q

what is produced when NADP+ is low

A

ROS

52
Q

what do antioxidants do to ROS

A

detoxify

53
Q

____________ inPSII convert excess light energy into heat (instead of photosynthesis and avoid production of ROS)

A

Xanthophylls

54
Q

what do harmful oxygen species do

A

destroy parts of the cell

BIOL 2170 (11 decks)

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