cytoskeleton

Question 1

_______ are important players in signaling pathways and they phosphorylate other proteins

Answer 1

kinases

Question 2

_______ can induce a change in protein structure and this modulates protein activity by either activation or inactivation

Answer 2

Phosphorylation

Question 3

what are the three components of the cytoskeleton

Answer 3

microfilaments
intermediate filaments
microtubules

Question 4

what are the functions of the cytoskelton

Answer 4

cell shape
cell movement
“cargo” transport
cell division
and muscle contraction

Question 5

which cytoskeleton have globular monomer

Answer 5

microtubules and microfilaments

Question 6

which cytoskeleton have flimentis monomer

Answer 6

intermediate filaments

Question 7

form a rigid internal skeleton in some cells
act as tracks for motor proteins
form the miotic spindle
POLAR
MADE OF TUBULIN

Answer 7

microtubules

Question 8

what are the microtubule based structures that protrude from the membrane (can be used to move cells)

Answer 8

cilia and flagella

Question 9

what is the array that microtubules are assembles in

Answer 9

9+2 array

Question 10

what are part of the centrism and made of microtubules
(NOT IN PLANTS)

Answer 10

centrioles

Question 11

made from ACTIN
required for cell movement
determine cell shape
also tracks for motor proteins
central to MUSCLE contractions
required for cytokensis
POLAR

Answer 11

microfilaments

Question 12

what is inside microvilli

Answer 12

actin microfilaments

Question 13

fibrous proteins coiled into thicker cables
KERATIN is an example found in epithelial cells
stabilize cell structure and resist tension
overall NONPOLAR structure
NOT IN PLANTS

Answer 13

intermediate filaments

Question 14

a mass of cells dividing in an uncontrolled manner

Answer 14

tumor

Question 15

the spread of tumor cells to other parts of the body (usually a problem)

Answer 15

metastasis

Question 16

what do doctors often use ________ proteins as indicators of metastasis

Answer 16

intermediate filamants

Question 17

the ______ nature of microtubules and microfilaments allows for ____________________

Answer 17

dynamic
vacation in cell shape

Question 18

microtubule dynamic stability allows microtubules to

Answer 18

space the cell and find chromosomes to attach to

Question 19

actin and tubular proteins are highly _______ between different eukaryotic organisms

Answer 19

conserved

Question 20

what are the three types of movement associated with cells

Answer 20

1. shape change
2. movement of organelles or molecules inside the cell
3. cell mmigrations

Question 21

__________ undergo reversible shape changes powered by ATP

Answer 21

motor proteins

Question 22

what associates with microfilaments or microtubules to create movement

Answer 22

motor proteins

Question 23

_________ binds to actin filaments causing the filaments to slide relative to one another

Answer 23

myosin

Question 24

_______ moves cargo toward the minus end of the microtubule

Answer 24

dynein

Question 25

______ moves cargo toward the plus end

Answer 25

kinesin

Question 26

_______ activity moves the cilia

Answer 26

dynein

Question 27

what are the two approaches cell biologists use to show cause and effect

Answer 27

chemical inhibition genetic mutation

Question 28

a collection of cells that work together to perform a specific function

Answer 28

tissue

Question 29

what are the four types of tissue

Answer 29

epithelial connective nervous muscle

Question 30

a collection of tissues joined in a structural unit to serve a common function

Answer 30

organ

Question 31

a _______________ is reflected in its shape and internal structure

Answer 31

cells function

Question 32

cells arrange themselves in groups by __________

Answer 32

cell adhesion

Question 33

cell surface proteins mediating cell attachment to other cells or the ECM

Answer 33

cell adhesion molecules

Question 34

specialized structures on the plasma membrane where cells adhere to other cells and the ECM

Answer 34

cell junction

Question 35

what cell adhesion molecules bind cells to one another

Answer 35

cadherins

Question 36

what cell adhesion molecules bind to the ECM

Answer 36

integrins

Question 37

what are the three main types of cell junctions holding animal epithelial cells together

Answer 37

adherens junction desmosomes tight junction

Question 38

what junctions connect adjacent epithelial cells (made with cadherins) and are anchored to actin microfilaments

Answer 38

adherens junctions

Question 39

what junction connect adjacent epithelial cells (made with cadherins) and are anchored to intermediate microfilaments

Answer 39

desmosomes

Question 40

what type of junction ensure the directional movement of material (not made with cadherins) and are connected to actin microfilament

Answer 40

tight junction

Question 41

what type of junction link cells to the ECM (made of integrins) and anchored to the cytoskeleton IF

Answer 41

hemidesmosome

Question 42

what type of junction allow communication between cells (made of cadherins) form channels connecting the cytoplasm of adjacent cells

Answer 42

gap junctions

Question 43

what connects the cytoplasms of plant cells

Answer 43

plasmodesmata

Question 44

is the plasma of the cell membrane continuous

Answer 44

yes

Question 45

________ opening than gap junction allows _______ to pass through

Answer 45

larger proteins