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BIOL 2170 > cytoskeleton > Flashcards

cytoskeleton Flashcards

1
Q

_______ are important players in signaling pathways and they phosphorylate other proteins

A

kinases

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2
Q

_______ can induce a change in protein structure and this modulates protein activity by either activation or inactivation

A

Phosphorylation

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3
Q

what are the three components of the cytoskeleton

A

microfilaments
intermediate filaments
microtubules

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4
Q

what are the functions of the cytoskelton

A

cell shape
cell movement
“cargo” transport
cell division
and muscle contraction

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5
Q

which cytoskeleton have globular monomer

A

microtubules and microfilaments

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6
Q

which cytoskeleton have flimentis monomer

A

intermediate filaments

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7
Q

form a rigid internal skeleton in some cells
act as tracks for motor proteins
form the miotic spindle
POLAR
MADE OF TUBULIN

A

microtubules

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8
Q

what are the microtubule based structures that protrude from the membrane (can be used to move cells)

A

cilia and flagella

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9
Q

what is the array that microtubules are assembles in

A

9+2 array

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10
Q

what are part of the centrism and made of microtubules
(NOT IN PLANTS)

A

centrioles

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11
Q

made from ACTIN
required for cell movement
determine cell shape
also tracks for motor proteins
central to MUSCLE contractions
required for cytokensis
POLAR

A

microfilaments

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12
Q

what is inside microvilli

A

actin microfilaments

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13
Q

fibrous proteins coiled into thicker cables
KERATIN is an example found in epithelial cells
stabilize cell structure and resist tension
overall NONPOLAR structure
NOT IN PLANTS

A

intermediate filaments

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14
Q

a mass of cells dividing in an uncontrolled manner

A

tumor

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15
Q

the spread of tumor cells to other parts of the body (usually a problem)

A

metastasis

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16
Q

what do doctors often use ________ proteins as indicators of metastasis

A

intermediate filamants

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17
Q

the ______ nature of microtubules and microfilaments allows for ____________________

A

dynamic
vacation in cell shape

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18
Q

microtubule dynamic stability allows microtubules to

A

space the cell and find chromosomes to attach to

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19
Q

actin and tubular proteins are highly _______ between different eukaryotic organisms

A

conserved

20
Q

what are the three types of movement associated with cells

A
  1. shape change
  2. movement of organelles or molecules inside the cell
  3. cell mmigrations
21
Q

__________ undergo reversible shape changes powered by ATP

A

motor proteins

22
Q

what associates with microfilaments or microtubules to create movement

A

motor proteins

23
Q

_________ binds to actin filaments causing the filaments to slide relative to one another

A

myosin

24
Q

_______ moves cargo toward the minus end of the microtubule

A

dynein

25
Q

______ moves cargo toward the plus end

A

kinesin

26
Q

_______ activity moves the cilia

A

dynein

27
Q

what are the two approaches cell biologists use to show cause and effect

A

chemical inhibition
genetic mutation

28
Q

a collection of cells that work together to perform a specific function

A

tissue

29
Q

what are the four types of tissue

A

epithelial
connective
nervous
muscle

30
Q

a collection of tissues joined in a structural unit to serve a common function

A

organ

31
Q

a _______________ is reflected in its shape and internal structure

A

cells function

32
Q

cells arrange themselves in groups by __________

A

cell adhesion

33
Q

cell surface proteins mediating cell attachment to other cells or the ECM

A

cell adhesion molecules

34
Q

specialized structures on the plasma membrane where cells adhere to other cells and the ECM

A

cell junction

35
Q

what cell adhesion molecules bind cells to one another

A

cadherins

36
Q

what cell adhesion molecules bind to the ECM

A

integrins

37
Q

what are the three main types of cell junctions holding animal epithelial cells together

A

adherens junction
desmosomes
tight junction

38
Q

what junctions connect adjacent epithelial cells (made with cadherins) and are anchored to actin microfilaments

A

adherens junctions

39
Q

what junction connect adjacent epithelial cells (made with cadherins) and are anchored to intermediate microfilaments

A

desmosomes

40
Q

what type of junction ensure the directional movement of material (not made with cadherins) and are connected to actin microfilament

A

tight junction

41
Q

what type of junction link cells to the ECM (made of integrins) and anchored to the cytoskeleton IF

A

hemidesmosome

42
Q

what type of junction allow communication between cells (made of cadherins) form channels connecting the cytoplasm of adjacent cells

A

gap junctions

43
Q

what connects the cytoplasms of plant cells

A

plasmodesmata

44
Q

is the plasma of the cell membrane continuous

A

yes

45
Q

________ opening than gap junction allows _______ to pass through

A

larger
proteins

BIOL 2170 (11 decks)

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