Cellular Respiration

Question 1

what is most of the ATP in the cell generated by

Answer 1

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 2

what electron carrier has the most potential energy

Answer 2

NADH

Question 3

what cycles are included in substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 3

glycolysis
pyruvate oxidation
critic acid cycle

Question 4

what cycle is included in oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 4

electron transport/ ATP synthesis

Question 5

is oxygen present in cellular respiration or fermentation

Answer 5

in cellular respiration
not in fermentation

Question 6

how is ATP produced without O2

Answer 6

glycolysis and fermentation

Question 7

The electron carriers (_________) that are reduced during glycolysis must be __________ to take part in glycolysis again

Answer 7

NAD+
reoxidized

Question 8

what are the inputs of glycolysis

Answer 8

glucose
ADP
NAD+

Question 9

where does fermentation occur and what does it do

Answer 9

cytosol
regenerates NAD+

Question 10

what happens to pyruvate from glycolysis during fermentation

Answer 10

it is reduced to NADH

Question 11

where does lactic acid fermentation occur

Answer 11

in some microorganisms and in starved muscle cells

Question 12

what is the product of lactic acid fermentation

Answer 12

lactate
pyruvate = lactic acid

Question 13

where does alcohol fermentation take place

Answer 13

yeasts and some plants

Question 14

what is pyruvate converted to and what is released in alcoholic fermentation

Answer 14

acetaldehyde
CO2 released

Question 15

what is acetaldehyde reduced by and what does it produce

Answer 15

reduced by NADH
produces NAD+ and ethyl alcohol

Question 16

do all cells use glycolysis

Answer 16

yes

Question 17

what are the features of storage glycogen in animal cells

Answer 17

more branched
less dense
easier to breakdown and reproduce

Question 18

what are the features of storage glycogen in plant cells

Answer 18

less branched
more dense

Question 19

in oxidation how many acetylCoA are produced from 16C

Answer 19

8

Question 20

what are polysaccharides hydrolyzed to

Answer 20

they are hydrolyzed to glucose and enter glycolysis

Question 21

lipids go from fatty acids to

Answer 21

acetylCoA

Question 22

what are proteins hydrolyzed to

Answer 22

amino acids

Question 23

what happens when we don’t eat steps 1,2,3

Answer 23

1) glycogen stores in muscle and liver are used first (1day)
2) Fats are used next (1 month)
3) Proteins are used last (1 week)

Question 24

concentrations of biochemical molecules remain constant

Answer 24

metabolic homeostasis tasts

Question 25

what type of control of enzymes is in metabolic pathways

Answer 25

allosteric
activation of inhibition of key enzymes

Question 26

where do phototrophs get energy from

Answer 26

sunlight

Question 27

where do photoautotrophs (plants) get energy from

Answer 27

carbon from inorganic sources such as CO2

Question 28

where do photoheterotrophs (most green non sulfur bacteria) get energy from

Answer 28

carbon from inorganic compounds

Question 29

where do chemotrophs get energy from

Answer 29

chemical compounds

Question 30

where do chemoautotrophs (hydrogen bacteria) get energy from

Answer 30

carbon from inorganic sources such as CO2

Question 31

where do chemoheterotrophs (animals) get energy from

Answer 31

carbon from organic compounds