Cellular Respiration Flashcards
what is most of the ATP in the cell generated by
oxidative phosphorylation
what electron carrier has the most potential energy
NADH
what cycles are included in substrate level phosphorylation
glycolysis
pyruvate oxidation
critic acid cycle
what cycle is included in oxidative phosphorylation
electron transport/ ATP synthesis
is oxygen present in cellular respiration or fermentation
in cellular respiration
not in fermentation
how is ATP produced without O2
glycolysis and fermentation
The electron carriers (_________) that are reduced during glycolysis must be __________ to take part in glycolysis again
NAD+
reoxidized
what are the inputs of glycolysis
glucose
ADP
NAD+
where does fermentation occur and what does it do
cytosol
regenerates NAD+
what happens to pyruvate from glycolysis during fermentation
it is reduced to NADH
where does lactic acid fermentation occur
in some microorganisms and in starved muscle cells
what is the product of lactic acid fermentation
lactate
pyruvate = lactic acid
where does alcohol fermentation take place
yeasts and some plants
what is pyruvate converted to and what is released in alcoholic fermentation
acetaldehyde
CO2 released
what is acetaldehyde reduced by and what does it produce
reduced by NADH
produces NAD+ and ethyl alcohol
do all cells use glycolysis
yes
what are the features of storage glycogen in animal cells
more branched
less dense
easier to breakdown and reproduce
what are the features of storage glycogen in plant cells
less branched
more dense
in oxidation how many acetylCoA are produced from 16C
8
what are polysaccharides hydrolyzed to
they are hydrolyzed to glucose and enter glycolysis
lipids go from fatty acids to
acetylCoA
what are proteins hydrolyzed to
amino acids
what happens when we don’t eat steps 1,2,3
1) glycogen stores in muscle and liver are used first (1day)
2) Fats are used next (1 month)
3) Proteins are used last (1 week)
concentrations of biochemical molecules remain constant
metabolic homeostasis tasts
